The Film Jurassic Park | Analysis

The Film Jurassic third estate AnalysisOscar nomination To Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The consume Jurassic super acid has a very(prenominal) captivating plot with a very controversial and strong theme of acquirement versus ethics and is a very strong candidate for an Academy Award and could be nominated for the trounce fritter away of the year.Jurassic Park is a very deep film, which touches on the morality of scientific discoveries and experiments. It has a re all toldy strong theme and put across. Jurassic Park is a fantastic film, not just for its thrills and ocular effects, only when for a plot that is meaningful and entertaining. The main theme, Science versus ethics, is very polemic and not very discussed and touched by the media, do the film even a lot interesting and captivating. The film does not l wizsome(prenominal) entertain the audience but it withal accepts the viewers think and analyse the ethics behind such(prenominal)(prenominal) a science experiment and discovery. Further more the film does not only discuss its theme and makes you think, it similarly sends a message across successfully the consequences of the desire of exerting control over spirit.As a thriller Steven Spielberg successfully pretends suspense making the viewer entertained and thrilled. To create the excruciating suspense required for the plot, Steven Spielberg has apply more than just the plot itself but also functiond effects such as sound, different theatrical role of snatchs and angles, colours and light, which all contributed to build up the tension of the movie. Steven Spielberg has shown in earlier movies directed by him, such as Jaws that he is more than capable of creating suspense and tension in his movies, and with Jurassic Park he proved once again that when it comes to effects he is ane step ahead of everyone. The dinosaur, just handle the mountain, is very realistic, full of enlarge and information, making the movie rea l and interesting. Even more than a cristal later the visual effects remain solidly effective. The sounds apply in the film helped to create a suspenseful and adventurous mood across the entire film, making it exiting and not even for a second tedious.The use of light and colours in the movie helps to develop the suspense and mystery already created. In humansy scenes the light is placed behind the animal or person, creating a silhouette and that creates a dark mood, because you can see the person or animal but not clearly. The colours help to create a more realistic scenario, earthy colours such as browns and greens are utilize often during the film. They also help to expand the mystery of the film as the colours do not give away much information and create an unknown mood of suspense. More over when the manager wants the viewer to focus on a specific thing or wants to direct your attention to something he uses bright colours. For example the cars become a focal point and st and out from the setting because of the use of bright colours. The colour of the cars contrasts with the field, making the cars more noticeable. Green is the main colour as it is related to nature. rattling often the director uses red details in the scenes, symbolizing danger, small things such as a scarf that the female main character wears in the beginning of the film or details in the car, creating a mood of danger to the viewers.Moreover, Steven Spielberg also uses different types of chatoyants and tv camera angles to create the suspense in the film. The shot types and angles, differ from the effects, colours, lights and sounds isnt something that the viewers would pick up on from the first sequence they watch the movie. Only when one stops to analyse it, does the subconscious pick things up, and without us even noticing it the angles of the camera builds and direct the viewers mood. Steven Spielberg incorporates all types of shots and very successfully creates extremely susp enseful mood in the film. An example of a long shot is when they show the dinosaurs for the first time. The camera shows the setting from far, positioning the characters close to the dinosaur, accentuating and visually stating the size difference among them. The-close up shots and extreme close up shots are use to show details, such as details in the dinosaurs, like its eyes, legs (showing its movement and creating tension), its mouth (creating a fearful mood). The close up shots are also used to create dynamics, for example when the camera zooms in to the big foot print of the Tyrannosaur on the ground full of water and in the water the reflection of the head of one of the characters, again canvass the size of a human to the size of the dinosaur.The use of angles is added to the shots to help to create mood. In Jurassic Park for example, the low angle is often used when shooting a dinosaur. This angle helps to make the dinosaur appear larger and consequently creating a fearful a nd scary mood. The eye level from the kids point of view is also used numerous times throughout the film, making the viewer feel smaller and vulnerable compared with the situation and the dinosaurs, creating a mood of fear and generating suspense. The over the shoulder shots are used to give the viewer the sensation of been face there and been part of the film, making the film even more captivating and entertaining.Steven Spielberg, just like in his previous movies, allows the unknown to build tension and mystery. The movie starts off with an attack, but the trick is, the viewer does not see what has made the, they just know its happening. That builds up tension and curiosity for the viewers. Later on in the film, just before the expo undisputable of the dinosaurs, the main characters are in a car, the woman is wearing a red scarf, symbolizing danger. The guy has seen something and is looking very move- the woman hasnt seen it yet and neither take on the viewers. The man gently turns the womans head so she can see what he is seeing. The camera focus on the surprised faces but does not reveal what they have seen to the viewer, this builds up tremendous curiosity for the viewers. Then finally, after build up mystery and curiosity, the camera reveal to the viewers what was the cause of the surprise.Another strong element of the film is its characters and the actors who portray them. The characters might not be profoundly deep but their personalities are fully cognise thanks not only to the writing, but to the actors who portray them. Joining Goldblum are Sam ONeill as Dr. Alan Grant, Laura Dern as Dr. Ellie Sattler, and Richard Attenborough as park creator John Hammond. Even minor characters are populated with strong actors, including Samuel L. capital of Mississippi as a computer guru and Wayne Knight as the villain Newman.No film review or nomination could describe the creativity and effort put in Jurassic Park. The suspense and excitement of the film can only be seen by watching the film. Steven Spielberg successfully put all the elements that makes a wide-cut movie together effectively, and the result is a master piece. Steven Spielberg besides making the viewer question the films message of ethics and science also makes the viewer question how did he do it ? He brought the dream to flavor and made the film unbelievably real and taking ordinary humans closer to an imaginary innovation were dinosaurs exist. Even though Jurassic Park isnt a kids movie, it evokes a childlike sense of wonder. However, besides the magic part of the movie linking the viewer with their childhood, Jurassic Park is a serious movie, with a strong message. So for me Jurassic park deserves to be the Movie of the year.Nanook of the north An overviewNanook of the north An overviewThe film Nanook of the North is described as one of the first ever documentaries ever made. The filming of this controversial early documentary took place from princely 1920 until August 1921. I find this film highly informative, even though Robert J. Flaherty, the producer and director of this film, altered and staged some things that were quite different in reality, a subject that has brought this film some criticism. For example, Nanooks arrive at was really Allakariallak and his family wasnt really his family. So in a way, they were all actors and actresses in their own right, performing their lives during the describe in front of the camera. Other things that Flaherty decided to change is that he wanted to document this Inuit family as they were rearwards in the older days. While Allakariallak really hunted with a gun, Flaherty persuaded him to hunt in the same methods used by his ancestors so the viewers of this documentary would witness the lives of the Inuit in the Artic before they were influenced by the Europeans.But it was making those criticized changes that made this film so much more informational in a certain sense. Europeans were already jolly familiar with how their society lived, because, well, they were living it. But by making the Inuit individuals in this film portray how they used to live makes the viewers experience a culture as it once was. This film includes demonstrating a vicissitude of the Inuit shipway, such as accurately displaying the ancestral customs of how they hunt, fish, and build igloos, while showing how an Inuit family survived their constant battles with nature without the aid of European instruments.This film, although entertaining and informational as most modern documentaries, makes me ponder and not completely sure of my decision on whether I should consider this film as an official first documentary or not. I believe official documentaries are supposed to portray something in a certain time period given that time, along with explanations of whats happening or has happened and what not. In other words, I think it would have been more completely accurate if Robert J. Flaherty showed how Allakariallak lived for real, giving viewers the idea of an Inuit familys biography after European influence, rather of how his recent ancestors lived. The reason why I think this would be that even though the limited technology that was available to him back then would not allow him to film things in a completely exact and definite way (for example, the igloo had to be constructed in a special way so Flahertys camera could capture everything inside correctly), Nanook of the North was altered in far too many aspects to completely accurately show how the Inuit lived in the early twentieth century, if that was Flahertys goal. It was made in a way as to make it seems that Nanook (Allakariallak)s daily life was so much more harsh than it is in real life. In one of the scenes in the film, he is seen laughing at a phonograph and biting into a record as if the objects were strange and foreign to him, and that he had never seen them before. However, it became known later that not only h ad Allakariallak seen phonographs before, but he was a frequent visitor to a trading post, and owned a snowmobile. This information virtually his life raises much controversy over whether this be regarded as a true official documentary or not.But on the other hand, as I explained above, this film being altered made it more of a documentary of how the Inuits ancestors used to live and survive in the Artic. It showed how they made their living off the land, catch seals and walruses with a spear, rope, and other handmade hunting weapons. How they intelligently constructed igloos to sleep in during their hunts, and how amazing it was that so many people could fit into a seemingly tiny kayak. How during their struggles with the long hunt, their stomachs could no longer bear the postponement of nourishment, so they had to eat their fill raw. These, among many other things, did correctly show the more ancient ways of the Inuit, which is likely how the film obtained its success. It showe d a different way to address their life, while not as much as a gentle walk in the park as a traditional natural European life, did not fail to show even without words that it was teamwork and the bond of the family that kept everything swinging in the right way, even in times where things would get more difficult than they would like.As for my final perspicacity on whether Nanook of the North rightly fully earns the title as one of the first developed documentaries, I am still debating this. In a certain sense, as I explained above, it was both accurate about the life of the Inuit and inaccurate about their life at the same time. So I suppose this inspirational story in my opinion as of now, it seemed as if Nanook of the North was more of how a documentary should supposedly be, recording real life, but in a fictitious setting, or in a setting that wasnt true or present at that time. So Im not going to call this an official documentary, but neither am I going to say that its not e ither. Im going to refer to it as a serious Mockumentary.

Solving Communication Problems: Reflective Essay

Solving confabulation Problems Reflective EssayPROBLEM SOLVINGAMITA KHOWAJAJODY STONEProblems atomic number 18 at the center of which every sidereal day m each people deal at their work. I got a chance to deal with a elusive event when I was on my shift, I was assigned with the node who was living with his family. My core responsibilities argon to assistant node in bath and in her daily living activities simply the guest pauperization me to do ho employ work and she want to take divine service from her girl for the bath. The enigma with this scenario is as per my job mentality I must assist client in all of her activities in order to make convinced(predicate) that the carry off she is receiving is safe and comfort equal but my client is expecting from me to do more of the sept work deal vacuum, dust and wash the floor so that she ordain not feel similar a nub on her son. The area for which she contended me to do housekeeping is mostly used by other family membe rs. When I arrive at my supervisor, she advises me that my agency does not shit a strict definition of light housekeeping but if I took every supernumerary time to complete the work she cannot give me any extra wages for the additional time spend on the shift. So, I decided to solve this problem through problem figure out process and I identify that the situation I am going through ordain affects me and my client because if I say no to my client it makes her upset and might be noncooperative with me which in future capture a barrier in my communication level with the client as well as hinders in developing a therapeutic relationship with the client. If I say yes, then might be I go forth have indispensable additional time and energy for it. Moreover, I resulting not be getting any extra wages for extra time.The situation will definitely make me pertain firstly, because the client want to take help from her daughter for her bath and I am not authoritative intimately the daughter willingness to give her bath furthermore, I am not sure if the daughter knows the skills, knowledge and techniques to give a safe and comfortable bath to the client. The time of the client bath may be a good time to do lot more manifestation and encouragement to make client independent as much as possible. The health care personals are well trained in performing that observations and encouragement. Client assessment starts from the scalp and proceed to the feet for any kind of abnormal skin condition, any lesions, swelling or any sign of altered circulation and then based upon that assessment appropriate interventions were planned. in that location is a lot more chances that the client daughter fail to do significant observations during the bath and missed any changes which risk the client health. My second stir is about client thoughts that she doesnt want to feel like burden on her son so need to rule out the reasons behind it. The 3rd concern is if I say yes to cli ent for doing housekeeping then it will affect iodine of my social epitope of health that is employment and working condition. Intense working conditions and excessive hour of work cause me material pain, increase chances of injury and other physiological and psychological symptoms which ultimately affects my personal relationships. My client rather than intercommunicate her family members to do their home housekeeping she is asking me to do for her give me the impression that my client health determining factor of social environment is withal affected. Because of all these reasons I feel that the situation requires immediate attention to cut off the issue.I analyze the scenario and identify that the situation highlights the unknown, need to be identified problem where interventions are ask to resolving the problem. The situation also highlights the affective problem where person emotions are significantly involved so my finding of saying no for housework to the client wil l greatly affect her emotions. According to Chaudhuri, A. (2014). A person job should be such that he/she can followed a balance amid important aspects of animation. A person work should not increase stress level and he/she able to spend quality of time with family after job hours. On my end the scenario also highlights the work-related problem because my decision of saying yes hinders me in balancing my work and my family life. Moreover, I also feel that there is an interpersonal communication gap between people involved in the scenario that are my client and her family members so, further digging is required in order to rule out the root causes of the problem.I will start handling the problem on my end by maintaining all the behavioral characteristics of communication and use the assertive style to retort my client. I will reply I can see that this is important to you, and it is also important to me as well. I am assigned here to deliver you as much as support but there are ce rtain things which I cannot do such as vacuum, dusting of most of the area use by other family members. I understand that this will make you upset but we can blether more respectfully to each other to make the situation better for both of us. I value if you discuss with me about what bothers you for not asking your family members to do the housekeeping of the house this will help me to fragmentize your problem. In this instruction, both of us maintained the respect and there is fewer chances of emotional outburst.I will further analyze the problem by asking questions from client about her family members to understand her family dynamics. I will ask the client about the education of her daughter to identify her literacy level, this will help me in mind what level of teaching and information I need to deliver the daughter so that she can maintain safety of client during bath. I will ask the routine of her daughter to rule out her accessibility and willingness to give bath to the client. Moreover, I will ask client what kind of relationship other family members are having with my client and with each other, how frequently they sit together and spend time with each other, if my client want to share anything who is the most reliable person in the family with my client feel to share her problems and feelings this will help me understanding the social environment of the house. Additionally, I will ask client their source of income to identify the frugal status of the family which will help me in sharing the option of hiring a housekeeper for few hours to do house work.I will develop an action plan to solve the problem by identifying several client needs for example as I was newly assigned staff with the client so she will be feeling anxious and worry working with me. In addition to it she is also facing obstruction communicating her true feelings and concerns with her other family members. There is also a need of division of household delegate among family members or need to hire any part time housekeeper for vacuum, dust and washing the floor. Besides, my clients daughter also need teaching about proper techniques of giving safe bath to the client.According to me the first antecedence is to reduce my client anxiety and apprehensions by mightily orienting myself and my role, remain be calm and decide questions about the information which my client needed. This will create a positive significance and help in reassuring client that I am here to help her. In this way, my client move from disconfirming emotional level to positive level and she feel comfortable and ready to work with health care member. My second priority is my client should get safe bath. My client want to take bath from her daughter so I will respect her decision and to complete this priority I will ask my client daughter if she is willing to give bath or not, if she is willing then I will have taught her all the safe techniques to be followed, and observation made a bout the client body for any kind of health-related issues during the bath. After teaching I, will supervise the daughter giving bath to my client to fall out whether she is following the right techniques and provide feedback upon it. This will positively help in preventing my client from any health-related complications. My third priority will be to prove communication among the family members. I will achieve this priority by focusing on my client by asking her questions about her children and other aspects of their personal lives, this give her mental object that I am interested in her as a people rather than as a client. Furthermore, encourage my client and her family members to be open to discuss issues, problems, thoughts and feelings with respect, love and trust. Spend quality time together so family relations become stronger and good communication will be enhanced among family members. They should equally and properly divide house work among each family members so burden w ill not be upon one member of the family. The positive consequence of good communication among family will help to efficiently cope with life challenges.I have chosen the above action plan because by doing proper assessment and observation during bath will help in early identification of health-related conditions and early consultation to the physicians, in this way my client physical health will be enhanced. By developing therapeutic relationship with client help client to adjust with change that is working with a new staff will enhance her emotional health. Additionally, good communication among family will also enhance emotional and social health by allowing self to cope with stress, help in learning, managing conditions and live in harmony. Mine occupational health will also be improved as I will get manageable work load.I will be evaluating my action plan by monitoring and discussing feedback with my client about the effectiveness of strategies that are discussed with the clien t and family members and their satisfaction level upon it. I will do conclusion by evaluating myself that what I have accomplished at the end and how this experience of solving problem develop me professionally. After resolving the scenario, I will report back to my supervisor about all the efforts that I have made to resolve the issues so that she can guide me about what I have done good and which aspects will be done differently in future. I will use my communication skills of pumping the negatives and owning to ask more about negative feedback which will give me more opportunity in order to modify my behaviors in future.

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning

employ Of applied science In tax-Based Language LearningA RESEARCH PAPERONRESEARCH ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TASK-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING1. INTRODUCTIONIt is well known that our life is exceedingly affected by engineering, and technology plays an fundamental fictitious character in quarrel learning. With the spread and development of side around the world, English is used as a second spoken language. This paper studies on the use of technology in task-based for learning English as a foreign language (EFL).A task is delimit by Jane Willis (1996) an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicatory goal so as to succeed a result. The learners start with the task. confinement is used as a symbolism for different activities including grammar exercises, practice activities and role plays. Tasks may involve solving a word problem, creating a crossword puzzle puzzle, making a video, preparing a presentation or drawing a plan. According to Rod Ellis (2007), Task which has four main characteristics Task involves a primary focus on (pragmatic) content. Task has nigh loving of gap. The participants choose the linguistic resources needed to complete the task. Task has a clearly defined outcome.Task based learning is a different method to learn languages. Task-based learning emphasizes the main role of heart in language use. Skehan (1998) implies that meaning is primary in task-based learning the assessment of the task is in scathe of result and that TBL is not concerned with language display (98). In the task-based learning, the tasks show basic the learning activity. As cited by Prabhu (1987), students rouse learn more than than efficiently when their minds atomic number 18 headed towards on the task, sooner than on the language they are using. Doughty, Long (2003) and Willis (1996) assert that Task-based language learning (TBLL) method supports discussion of meaning using meaning-focused and communicative task complete d activities and gives students the chance to practice language extensively within a meaningful condition, agreeable students in the authentic, pragmatic, and contextual production of language, where language production is not the aim but the fomite for attending task goals (p.25). In other words, TBL has the benefit of getting student to use his/her skills and can avail the students learn language easy and effectively.Willis (1996) explains that the main events of the three phases in task-based learningPre-task can include cerebrateIntroduction to topic and task instructor explores the topic with the class, highlights useful words and phrases, helps students understand task operating instructions and prepare.Task cycle shows usTask Students do the task, in pairs or small groups. Teacher monitors from a distance.Planning Students prepare to report to the whole class (orally or in make-up) how they did the task, what they decided or discovered. written report Some groups prese nt their reports to the class, or exchange written reports and compares results.Language focus shows form and ask questions almost language featuresAnalysis Students examine and discuss specific features of the text or transcript of the recording.Practice Teacher conducts practice or new words, phrases and patterns occurring in the data, either during or after the analysis (p.38).TBLL abides some important benefits. Task based language learning (TBLL) has the benefit of getting the student to use her/his skills at her live level. Krahne (1987) said that During the task the learners are allowed to use whatever language they want, focus entirely on the meaning of their message. This makes it closer to authentic life communicative situation, which is a way of bringing the real world into classroom TBL that involves real communication is necessary for language learning. Moreover, task-based language learning which helps to realize the language in context and to use it in condition i n real life. Willis (1996) has also emphasised the importance of a real world for tasks. The aim of the task is to create a real goal for language use and provide a natural context for language study. It provides the language learner with an active role in alive(p) and creating the events. TBLL offers more chances for the students to show their thinking through their movements so it contributes to progress by encouraging students to lesson. Furthermore, students are more success in the language they use. It presents cooperative support. Students can work together, so task-based increases students motivation for learning. Task-based learning can be very successful at intermediate levels. It is difficult to primary levels students. In spite of benefits of task-based learning, in that respect are many disadvantages of task-based learning, such asAccording to Skehan (1996), task-based learning comprehends some risks if fulfilled carelessly. Task-based learning requires a high level of creativity on the part of the pick uper. For instance, If the teachers are limited to more traditional roles or do not have time and resources to device task-based learning this type of teaching maybe difficult. military rating of task-based learning can be difficult. The nature of task-based learning prevents it from being measurable by some of the more restricted and traditional tests (Krahne 1987).The use of technology suggestions important advantages for task-based language learning and it plays a positive role in TBLL. Chapelle (2001), Gonzolez-Lloret (2003) said that The arrival of information technology has improved the quality of many scientific disciplines, including some language education and learning through technology has become a real life (p.84). Technology has enormous effect in task-based language learning, as a resource for EFL and as a path for communication between the EFL students. In addition, TBLL provides the basic technology for supporting learners to obt ain major communication skills in the English language. Each technological tool has its specific benefits and application with important of four language parts. These are speaking, listening, reading and writing. That is to say, Ybarra and Green (2003) indicate that students trying to learn English as a second language need additional language support. They need to practice in hearing language, reading language, speaking language, and writing language so as to develop their experience and skills.I believe that students can learn easily and effectively with use of technology in task-based language learning. Technological tools which can be taken advantage of the task-based language learning. Task based learning is useful for moving the motivation of the learning process from the teacher to the student. It gives a different way of understanding language for the students. Because of this, the students can be a break dance learner. When the students are a better learner, they can motiv ate themselves and solve their problems. Thus, motivational factor is significant in ones achievement.RESEARCH QUESTION1- How can we explore the benefits of task-based language learning in EFL students?

Mass Media Influence On American Society Media Essay

Mass Media Influence On American Society Media EssayIt is the power that shapes and molds the mind of virtu all toldy both citizen, young or old, rich or poor, simple or cultivate (Sweet Liberty, 2000, 1). The media is a part of e rattlingday life in America. intelligence agency and events right(prenominal) of sensations home or neighborhood atomic number 18 brought to their bea via the newspaper, magazines, radio, video, and the internet. As the credit above manpowertions mass media, and its components, are very powerful and are candid of influencing ones mind, as well as their fashion. The images and stories introduced to children and young adults make it difficult for these viewers to distinguish between fact and fiction (Cable News Network, 1998, 3), thus impact confusion and blind emulation.In Torrs emphasis in Film and tv, claim and television editor, Harvey Roy Greenberg, says that different forms of aggression, either spoken, sung, danced, or written consume appeared in practically every clime and time. In separate(a) words, the media and violent enjoyment have been around since ancient times. In the Stone Age, violent images were variegated and carved into their stone canvases, the Ro service military parts enjoyed gladiatorial combat, and the Victorian English enjoyed frolics and puppet shows ofttimes featuring murder and sword wanton as ways of exciting the audience (Torr, 2002, 15). Violence on television, or visualized in literary form, may have been more mild and censored in the past, further all the same, the unexclusive was still vulnerable and easily influenced by what they witnessed and experienced.Hollywood, currently, is very candid and brilliant in its productions, especially depending on the director and editor. However, in contrast with todays senile interpretations and brutal cleansings, in the 1930s, Hollywood abided by production codes. These codes regulated all aspects of screen content, with an elaborate list of rules outlining what was permissible to show and what was not (Torr, 2002, 22). As times changed and American society became more informed about realism and the force out which besidesk place, the codes were modified, eventually leading to film ratings. Although Americans were more aware and the ratings provided good about restrictions, this did not mean that emulation and confusion were eliminated completely. virtually from the cradle, children in the united States are bombarded by delirium on TV, in movies, and in mental strain lyrics (Cable News Network, 1998, 2). Children are easily swayed and influenced by the many images and pictures puzzleed to them through the media. By high school graduation, children will have spent roughly 50 percent more time in front of a television than in front of a teacher (Dudley, 1999, 32). Parents, often times, are too drained or pre-occupied with their own lives, leading their children to find comfort in reflexion television o r playing flick games which, consequently, become the boot specimens for their actions and behaviors. For all too many Americans, the real world has been replaced by the fabricated reality of the TV (Sweet Liberty, 2000, 2). These children hear the news and watch shows and films where innocent spate are being stolen from or being killed, but they have cryptograph there to teach them the difference between what is real and what is not, what is right and what is wrong.An bind printed in Time magazine, titled Suburban Smackdown, is a great example of how the media persuades children to impersonate what they view on television. The article concentrates on the violence of grappling iron and how some children and young adults are putting on shows, apostrophizeumes, masks and all, for their neighbors based on these wrestling characters they enamour on TV. It may not be the joggle vs. the Under commencer on prime-time TV, but the high school boys of the Extreme hand-to-hand str uggle Federation of Sayerville, N.J., try hard to make their contests look just as real (Fonda, 2000, 49). It may be fun and games for a lot of these kids, but images seen on a Best of Backyard Wrestling video included kids jumping onto pungent wire, cathode-ray oscilloscope their opponents on fire, and other kids somersaulting onto mattresses studded with sharp objects (Fonda, 2000, 49). And the violence seems to be trickling down from teenagers to tots (Fonda, 2000, 49). The Wrestling Federation and the high school boys sour is similar to a slippery slope. The professional wrestlers are not displace a costly example for these boys by promoting fights and violence for no reason, other than winning a trophy, and these high school boys are not setting a good example for even younger children because they are expressing that violence is fun and okay. One year before this article was published, in Dallas, a three-year-old boy was killed after his seven-year-old brother stiff-armed him in the throat, trying to imitate a move he had seen on television (Fonda, 2000, 49). After hundreds and thousands of years of media influence, it cost childrens lives and innocence for the pro-wrestling federations to run dont-try-this-at-home ads during their matches.Children are a large majority of the quite a little influenced by the media, but it is not them alone who imitate and follow what they see and hear on a daily basis. Media experts say the last quad decades of research have shown a clear correlation between violence on television and the development and display of aggressive values and behavior by both children and adults (Torr, 2002, 99). Adults watching the news are influenced by the events occurring locally as well as internationally however, it not so some(prenominal) what they hear, but more how it is being presented. For example which items are emphasized and which are played down, the reporters choice of words, tone of voice, and facial expressions the wording of headlines the choice of illustrationsall of these subliminally and merely pro bringly affect the way in which we interpret what we see or hear (Sweet Liberty, 2000, 2). Not only does the news affect the way adults find and view the society, but film and violent entertainment to a fault play a large role in influencing their behaviors and actions. A good, very new-fangled example involves Mel Gibsons movie The Passion of Christ. . . . A Fort Bend County man has fanned the flames of the fervor when he confessed to killing his girlfriend after display the movie in hopes of seeking redemption (Klentzman, 2004, 1). The Passion of Christs message influenced this man in a overconfident way, in confessing for his mortal sin, but the other side to this positive media influence is not so bright Leach, the man convicted of the murder, suffocated his girlfriend and got the idea of making it look alike a self-destruction from the weekly series CSI (Klentzman, 2000, 2).Music and its lyrics have also played an coarse role in shaping and molding American societys minds. Todays medicament is suddenly nothing like the Oldies. The modern-day society is accustomed to hearing music where 50 percent of the lyrics are what are considered bad words. Heavy alloy and rap lyrics have elicited the greatest concern, as they compound the environment in which some adolescents increasingly are confronted with pregnancy, drug use, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, injuries, homicides, and self-annihilation (Dudley, 1999, 55). Artists like Marilyn Manson and Eminem have parents worried because they do not want their children being candid to such vulgar language, afraid they will try to emulate these event artists and the stories conveyed through their lyrics, often times including the subjects of beating their wives or slitting their wrists. Another good example of how the music world influences peoples minds and behaviors is the suicide of Nirvanas Kurt Cobain. When Kurt Cobain died, I died with him was the note remaining by an eighteen-year-old who, along with two other friends, executed a suicide pact following Cobains death (Dudley, 1999, 34). MTV and other music stations play a crucial role in young adults lives. With continuous reporting of celebrities and music artists, many people find the need to conform. Parental awareness, supervision, and word of honor are critical variables in heading off additional tragedies (Dudley, 1999, 34). flick games have become a more recent trend, but just as the other sources of media, these games have the potential of influencing and molding the minds of children and adults. In the past, video games like Pong, consisted of a ball which would bounce off of two sticks. Nowadays, video games like Mortal Kombat or Grand Theft Auto, consist of cursing, shooting, beating, and killing humans and monsters. The National Coalition on Television Violence found that more than 75 percent of video games contained v iolent images (Sherrow, 1996, 71). Many researchers confide that video games have a stronger effect on children than merely watching television because the players take a direct and active role in the violence the researchers also believe that the players of these games will become desensitized towards violence and repel human life because, in these games, they are able inflict pain, but no pain is inflicted back on them (Sherrow, 1996, 71). Many of these images mimic reality, using lifelike scenes and situations. What we see happening, is that there is so muchrealistic-type violence portrayed in movies and other situationsThey think that if you shoot somebody, they get up (Cable News Network, 1998, 4). As well as promoting violence, video games also encourage anti-social behavior. alternatively of going outside and playing sports or interacting with other people, many people choose to stay indoors, in a dark room, playing on their video game systems.With the advancement of techn ology, how can one forget the cyberspace? Since its development in 1993, the network has been an excellent resource for research, entertainment, and communication. However, the Internet also has many flaws. Like video games, the Internet also encourages anti-social behavior one may be able to communicate through AIM go and such, but it is possible to be addicted to the Internet. Those addicted to the Internet do not feel the need to socialize in another setting, peradventure outside. Also, the Internet has many websites for games, interesting facts, and useful yellow page selective information however, it also has many websites very inappropriate for children and young persons, like porn or violence. As mentioned above, lines of communications are often opened up through the Instant Messaging services, although this may be a positive thing, it can also lead to dangerous and harmful situations. For example, children using the Internet and talking to their friends through instan t messages may enter jaw rooms. These chat rooms are full of strangers and people of all ages trying to take advantage of young minds. For instance, there have been many cases where older men have posed as 10-year-old boys in order to meet up with a child of the same age group and rape or kidnap them. Parents may try to block and limit what their children see or do on the Internet, but with the education and information children and young adults produce today they can easily break the locks placed upon their access on the computer.Although media images may be enlightening, a lot of the time they are strike and provocative, especially depending on the audience. Common sense just tells you that theres obviously an influence. Television is the most powerful medium in the world. Movies, the entertainment industry, the music industry, theyre very powerful (Cable News Network, 1998, 14). As one is able to tell, the mass media is present in our everyday lives. By watching the news, read ing the newspaper, watching the television set, or going to the movie theatres, the media is always there. Whether one may find it or not, in one way or another, the media has influenced their behaviors and/ or actions. From let to death, people in America will live in a society in which their education and their futures revolve around the mass media and its messages, whether they are positive or negative it is the American way of life.

Married Life Both Before And After History Essay

wed Life Both Before And After History screenClass certainly played a dowery in trade union in the 16th atomic number 6, as romantic hunch forward was not seen as a good reason for matrimony. The melloweder up the class shield a person was the more likely they were to have an arranged jointure. spousal relationship was considered rather important as it enhanced your standing in edict, in particular for the male as he would become a person of essence and would gain the role of master of the house. Conscious of the responsibilities a husband fake on marriage, parents of daughters favoured a man of means and maturity.1Arranged marriages were frowned upon by the church besides nevertheless many arranged marriages took fundament with the newlyweds often be in their early teens and get marrieding by pressure with around women felt laboured into marriage by their circumstances, unwilling to remain a burden on their family.2However the glare class tended to marry some body they had spent a great deal of conviction with as they tended to socialise in groups, the lower class often married at an older age ascribable to the need to save up and acquire some land to arrange up home. nuptials in 16th Century Britain was very unalike to the marriages of todays world, as gem occlusioned out marriage among the property-owning classes in one-sixteenth-century England was a collective decision of family and kin, not an individual one.3This shows that class was an important part of marriage with rich families often arranging marriages for their children from a very tender age as It was more common for the wealthier families to arrange marriages as it was a serious and complicated matter but, as Stephanie Coontz put it, If love could grow out of it, that was wonderful .4Poorer people could marry later and had more choice. cultured and ecclesiastical faithfulness enabled marriage at an early age 12 for a girl and 14 for a boy.Bottom of Form concealm ent of FormThe legal requirements for a marriage before the Marriage forge of 1753 was a simple process of promising to do so in the presence of a witness upgradeed by the physical con affectionmating of the relationship.Such idle marriages were not approved by the church who wanted all couples to marry in church before a minister, after the public proclamation of the intention to marry had been carried out for one-third weeks, this is also known as the reading of the banns but resorting to irregular marriage was evident in the sixteenth century.5This form of engagement was much stricter than those of today as such a promise was seen, as equivalent to a marriage and it would not be a rare occurrence for the brides to be carrying child.Most 17th century marriages were arranged weddings with swallow being an important issue as love was not seen as a strong platform for marriage but was viewed as a foundation as this would mean the couple were cardinal compatible and comfortabl e with one an other.The brides family would often accept a sum of money known as a dowry to the groom to pay for the maintenance of the women who in return was promised her dower which was a percentage of the brides ground that the married woman would be entitled to on his death.However, love did begin to be used for marriage with the enlightenment train of thought and the belief that the seeking of happiness was the meaning of life. Marriage through love was now setoff to be considered more important than material goods. The Industrial Revolution would further consolidate this view as the essence class increased ten-fold and young bachelors could afford to pay for their own wedding, parental approval and organization for marriage were no longer as important or needed.The Marriage spot 1753 or An be for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage to deliberate it its full title gained Royal Assent in 1754 and came into force on March 25th of that year. It was the first s tatutory legislation to require a ceremony of marriage in England and Wales and revolutionized the trend marriages performed.Consent to marry for anybody downstairs the age of 21 was made law but a encumber on age was not introduced. The wedding would also have to seize on place and be celebrated in church with an entry, signed by all parties, being dictated in the parish records. It can be argued that the law was a response to the upper classes agitation at manner in which young heir were trapped in an indissoluble marriage and would dope off their money.Furthermore, the Act made it a legal requirement for the reading of the banns to be carried out for three successive weeks prior to the wedding taking place if the parties wishing to marry did not have a license to do so. Marriages by under 21s were acceptable on licence if they had gained the parental consent they needed. However, marriages done so by the reading of the banns were valid unless the parent of the youngest had veto the banns. The Act was highly successful in its give tongue to aim of putt a stop to clandestine marriagesBy the 18th Century, couples were increasingly attached the freedom to choose their own partner and many relationships began being base on personal preference and attraction rather than by the parents orders. covert of FormBy the 19th Century British women carried the expectation o becoming pregnant, however due to life expectancy being greater for girls than that of the boys, coupled with the number of males serving in the armed force resulted in a shortage of suitable spouses.English law became based on the principle that the male would earn the money whilst the females stayed at home and kept the house. The few women that did work saw her wages passed directly to their husbands under the 1882 Married Property Act.Womens rights had not really been affected by the Marriage Act with females from upper class families being the only ones who had access to study, albeit in subjects viewed as necessary skills for women, such as embroideryThis lack of education was seen as unbeneficial by women as it did not develop the women in any way other than menial tasks.In her book, A vindication of the rights of women, Mary Wollstonecraft, claimed that through education would come emancipation and that women had a right to be better due to it being she who is primarily responsible for the education of the young.Furthermore, Mary Wollstonecraft stated that educating the women the same, as men would strengthen marriage, as the couple would have some topic to share and talk about and that a stable marriage is a partnership between a husband and a wife a marriage is a social contract between two individualsWollstonecraft goes on to argue that educating women will strengthen the marriage relationship. Her concept of marriage underlies this motive. A woman thus needs to have equal intimacy and sense, to maintain the partnership. A stable marriage also provides for the proper education of children.6It was impossible for a woman to be granted a carve up even if the male had committed adultery, as the ideal was that upper and middle class women were dependant on a male figure, father, and husband. Men were abandoned the right to divorce if their woman had been adulterous under the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, women, however could not divorce their husband if he committed adultery.If a divorce was granted the ownership of the children was passed to the father who had the power to banish the return from the children if he so desired.Divorce became a less and less out(p) subject due to the religious reformation and the way in which society began to question the validity of the church and God.Notwithstanding the ardour of religious reformers in Europe, the established church was brought into question during the reign of Henry VIII and in turn, Protestantism prevailed with the new church taking precedent.The role of the family became an im portant issue for theorists, none more so than Lawrence Stone, who, in 1977, put forward his theory the three stages of movement within the family. Stone claims that a power shift in the attitudes towards marriage could be seen through the early modern period, with affective individuation replacing the cold paternal traits.Stones three movements can be summarised asThe open lineage family 1450 1630. The attitude towards relatives would have been formal to a point of almost been cynical and callous. Upper class couples were distant to each other and as a result, their (often-arranged) marriage was akin to a business relationship. The nimble family were held in the same regard as the lineage members.Restricted patriarchal nuclear family 1550 1700. The importance of kinship was replaced with a growing importance been placed on the immediate relatives. This coincided with The Reformation criticising arranged marriages and the coldness within them, along with stressing the importanc e of a close nit family.Closed domesticated nuclear family 1640 1800. cognise becomes priority with patriarchy in fast decline. Children were shown great affection and seen as a gift rather than a burden. Marriage for love became the average and replaced the economic reasons to marry. The rise of the romantic novel allowed sex and passion to be legitimate in marriage and not just a motherfucker for reproduction. Romantic love was the reason for marriage, not business.Stone did face reprehension though, perhaps, none more so than at the hands of Alan Macfarlane who claimed that Stones thesis was damage as it had overlapping periods, which gave no consideration to the fact it created conflicting evidence.Stone was also criticised for using evidence associated with the Roman Catholics and using them to strengthen his business about the Reformation, for example claiming sex was a mere tool for procreation.Stones argument that people were discouraged from marriage and emotional att achment due to the high mortality rate is flawed, given that the mortality rates had sustained a high rate in the early eighteenth century, a time that Stone claims affection and love was growing and taking over as the main reason for marriageFinally, manuscripts and other medieval sources (Chaucer) did not masking up, nor consolidate his argument that marriage was a loveless union with a lack of affection for the spouses. With romantic novels booming it was clear that people had an apprehension and appreciation of love.

How HRM contributes to organizational objectives

How HRM contributes to brass instrumental objectives tender-hearted Re cite steering is the effective use of plurality to strike both the face and individual goals. It is actually effective recruitment, selection, ruinment, compensation, and utilization of adult male imaginativeness by face tender Resource Planning and tuition is the frame figure for befriending employees to plan and aim their personal and organizational skills, intimacy, and abilities. Human Resource phylogeny includes such opportunities as employee raising, employee c atomic number 18er development, coiffureance attention and development, coaching, advantageion think, and organization development.I get under ones skin weeed for Masood framework move Ltd1. and accomplished my assignment in perspective of this organization as assigned by the Dr.Helen FordA short and snappy foreword of organization is give as netherMasood Textile Mills Ltd is striving to lead in creating, developing and ma nufacturing of knitted app argonl harvest-feasts right from basic to highly fashion garments thus responding to emerging trends in the industry. MTM translates conceptual ideas of its customers into reality and shape them through with(predicate) its technical bent and maestro acumen.MTM establish on 1998 and now has a recognized name in the framework industry. MTM is one of the biggest exporters of appargonls. Competent professional mental faculty, a team of talented merchandisers, excellent supplies support military services, and state-of-the-art engineering science is the driving power behind MTM phenomenal growth in the ago categorys. MTM has the technology with expertise, products with knowl meet and about importantly the right mindset to light upon total customer satisfaction.The HR man festerr of Masood Textile Mills Ltd. is endlessly striving for making reduplicate the inescapably of the changing organization so that it lav become more(prenominal) adaptable, resilient, quick to neuter directions, and customer-centered. Within this purlieu, the HR professional argon larn how to manage effectively through planning, organizing, leadership and controlling the forgivinges option and knowledge of emerging trends in training and employee development.Objectives of Organisation (MTM)Objectives ar pre-determined goals to which individual or group activity in an organization is directed. MTM respect for the individual, integrity, speed, simplicity, self-assuredness, and a 100% commitment, values are non-negotiable they are never to be jettisoned. Objectives of mtm can be specify asTo win market leadership and brand coverageTo pursue technological foundationTo partner with operators for their maximum productivityHRM Contribution to achieve objectiveObjectives of human election direction are influenced by organizational objectives and individual and social goals. MTM is non just satisfied with this goal, further the goal of MTM is g rowth and / or profits. Institutions procure and manage heterogeneous resources including human to attain the specified objectives. Thus, human resources are managed to divert and utilize their resources towards and for the accomplishment of organizational objectives. Therefore, basically the objectives of HRM are drawn from and to contribute to the accomplishment of the organizational objectives.For the MTM, its ability to attract and agree human capital will depend on its reputation as an employer. The reputation about the organization says nearly(prenominal)thing about who you are, what you stand for, and how you relate to others including yours employees. alto requireher this is partially formed through the organizations commitment to the employees. To gain their commitment, MTM is trying to brush up communication channels with the employees, respect their capacity to engage in diverse initiates, give honest feedback, and invest in aligning its objectives with employees aspirations. The goal of HRD is to emend the performance of MTM by maximizing the efficiency and performance of people.HRM has a unfavourable role to play in the achievement of organizational goals and helping the organization to achieve and nurture excellence. MTM believe that effective people and a nice culture make good organization to achieve and maintain excellence. HRM has the indebtedness of getting the right kind of people, creating and maintaining a culture that nurtures and rewards talent. In MTM, human resource management give tools that shoot to manage and operate in organizations. HRM develop strategies relating to everything ware, management, marketing, sales, research development for more fatty.MTM bewilder made its cognize recognition in the last 12 years of its establishment .It has been doable solely for the factor of recruiting right people in the right figure and right time. They recruit highly adequate and experienced individuals-both at intromi ssion level and for vacancies arising at various levels-who would prove to be assets for the organization. They provide opportunities for up personal capability to enable staff to maneuver on greater responsibility.HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING AND knowledgeHRD predicts its future utilization needs flush if they dont estimate their sources of supply. The challenges that determine this demand and order of forecasting it merits are inclined over belowCause Of Demand Employees need in the MTM, for self-colored organization or in specific segment need when some sort of external Challenges, extension of project or department, turnover follow in the department, Lay off are temporary loss of employmentForecasting Techniques Forecasting techniques is consist of following techniquesExpert forecastsTrend bump ForecastsStaffing TableRecruitmentEmployees are selected or hired as the requirements of departments. These requirements can be reached out from the database, which is name as HCM ( Human Capability solicitude) software. When any change occurs in above mentioned conditions, this course avouchs to the Human resource section. This department hires in the raw employees as the requirement of the specific department. Recruitment Resources of the MTM can be defined as under.Internal ResourcesThe organization motivates and upgrades their employees when the organization feels to hire the services of the limited person for the particular bloodline within the organization. Because employees are familiar with the surroundings of the organization. It saves the cost of time, recruiters time and trainees time.Communication with Other DepartmentOther departments inform to the Human Resource coach-and-four by the internal E-mail musical arrangement about the need of the employees. That specific department tells the only designation the bet of employees required. Next, the Human Resource chargeing starts his work, they see the requirements of the mull from the H.C.M (Human Capability steering) program that require the followingsExperience, Education, Age Limit, Personality, IntelligenceExternal ResourcesFor the post of Management Trainee MTMs meshwork site is the biggest source of recruitment also Advertisement is some other source of recruiting the highly qualified people. When MTM needs highly skilled, energetic, and qualified personnel for a specific job, then it uses the external resources.SelectionHR InterviewMasood Textile Mills Ltd follows the following pure tones for selecting the Management TraineeManagement Interview written raiseRealistic Job PreviewsMedical Test seed CheckWritten Tests At the first rate of selection written test is taken by the HR department of the selected applicant who ful sate the basic requirements of the job description. If applicant passes this test then he/she forward to the next step of selection which is HR InterviewHR Interview At this step the HR omnibus and Ht deputy Manager manoeuver the interview of the selected candidates.Management direct Interview At this step the HR manager, General Manager and other panel team from the senior level management valuate the applicants. Both types of questions are asked by the panel for assessing his/her capabilities to perform the job.Reference Checks Reference is checked by the Human Resource Manager for the plant of the Management Trainee. These includePersonalEx- EmployerDuring the selection criteria for Management Trainee, Human Resource Department gives importance to reference checks about 30% to 40% weight age out of total selection marks.Medical Test Medical test from the Allied Hospital and Civil Hospital is must for checking the ability to perform the job having physical fitness.Realistic Job Review Realistic job review is also conducted in MTM when Management Trainee is going to be prescribed for newly job. The HRD working environment is shown to employees where they are expected to be after(prenominal) selection.H iring Decision The final authority which takes the decision about the hiring of the Trainee Officer is the theater director of operation named as Mr. Arif Ali. At the end this authority will take decision about the hiring or not hiring because there is a rivet environment in Masood Textile Mills Ltd.HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN AN ORGANIZATIONProfessionalism and Human ResourcesThe management of MTM has continued its policy to arrange in house training programs and to send the employees to management courses arranged by reputed management institutes and universities to further to further improve and update their professional knowledge.In order to develop and groom their management skills, employees are encouraged to follow and participate in top management meetings. Fresh qualified professionals are being employee on regular basis and a pre designed biography path in granted to them to encourage each person to develop his potential and consistently improve his performance.Human Resource knowledgeThe management of Masood Textile Mills Ltd. has a firm belief that their continuing success is dependent upon the quality of each individual associated with the Company and how hale their knowledge and creativity is being utilized.In this regard, on the job training programs are being regularly arranged to develop and groom their talent. During the year under review more than 120 employees have also attended various management courses to improve and update their knowledge in their respective field held at Pakistan Institute of Management (PIM), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan Institute of Quality bidding (PIQC), etc.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT tuition of Management TraineeIn Masood Textile Mills Ltd. on the job training is given for the post of Management Trainee. It is vertical integrated organization where A to Z processes are performed by MTM itself. All expenses of training programs are beard by MTM.Criterion for prepareMTM not only train the employees of the job but also focus on the development of the employees so, providing the employees competency for fulfilling the potential requirements of the organization as well as their life history development. This period is called probation period in which no gain is given to the MT.Types of TrainingThe training of Management Trainee consists of two phases which are given belowManagement Level trainingProduction Level TrainingManagement Level TrainingThis type of training is given to the MT in the HR department, which is located at Sarghodha Road Faisalabad. The Consultants, Experts and immediate officers of the MTM conduct this training. In management level training following training programs are conducted.Cross Functional Training is given for the purpose that when there is any person absent and no other employee available then Management Trainee can do his/her job.Un-parallel training is given to employees.Human Resource department of MTM offers numerous progr ams and activities of interest that are related to diversity.The Human Resource Development (HRD) Group offers courses to employees that are targeted to public sector managers, supervisors, administrative support specialists, Human Resources professionals, and employees who want to increase their knowledge and improve their skills to be more productive and effective.HR offers a variety of personal and professional skill development courses such as Conflict Resolution, Negotiation, Interpersonal Communication, Behavioral-Based interviewing to faculty and staff.Production Level TrainingAs the MTM is vertical integrated organization therefore drudgery level training is also given to the Management Trainee. This training is given in the Production department of MTM which is located at sheikhupura road. The purposes for the training are given below.To enhance the performance of employees.To emphasize expertise in the production sector.To enhance the productivity and efficiency of employ ees.Exe veerion of TrainingAt Masood textile Mills Ltd. for the job of management training officer the following method is adopted kickoff of all lectures are delivered to management trainee in which the most important issues discussed are how to improve the communication skills, how to evaluate the employees, how increments are provided, what benefits would be given to employees working under their supervision.Secondly the management trainees are given 1-calendar month training at training centre 15 kilometer out from the main office branch of MTM at Sargodha Road. After 1 month the management trainees are given the training at Human resource department for 2 months. This 3 month period is called the probation period in MTM. During these 3 months management trainees are nonrecreational Rs. 7,000 per month. course Planning DevelopmentMasood Textile Mills Ltd. provides opportunities for up personal capability to enable staff to take on responsibility. Having a rich and diverse his tory, the firm encourages its employees to imperil forth in new and dynamic areas leading to organizational elevate a large with individual growth.Career CounselingThe firm provides best opportunities for its employees to develop their career through the conduction of training programs.Career Counselor The career counselor-at-laws at MTM try to explain those points to management training officers which are not known to them and can help their career development. Also career counselor points out the steps needed for MT officer to become qualified for next job opportunity.Mentors Mentors are provided by MTM to counsel the employees their career development. Mentors help employees to make progress through exposure in such a way that management trainees become known to their supervisors who are the ultimate deciders of their promotions.Methods of Career estimationTwo types of assessment methods are used for the trainee officer. These are as followsSelf assessment Self assessment is taken by MT officers themselves in order to overview their own activities. In this process, personality and personal style is assessed by him. They want to know if theyre making any mistakes and if so how they should define them. Self Assessment is done in evaluation forms in which they are able to answer themselves the following questionsHow am I doing?I need to know where I am, so I can plan how to get ahead.Organizational assessment Organizational assessment is also done by HR manager and supervisor of MT officer for the purpose that employee work is in accordance with the organization or not.Ways for Organizational AssessmentHuman resource department of Masood textile Mills Ltd. uses evaluation forms to assess the performance of MT officers.IMPROVEMENT IN HR PERFORMANCEFirst we will talked about the challenges and problems faced by mTm then solution to that problems and challenges. The HR manager of Masood Textile Mills Ltd. is continuously striving for making parallel the nee ds of the changing organization so that it can become more adaptable, resilient, quick to change directions, and customer-centered. Within this environment, the HR professional are learning how to manage effectively through planning, organizing, leading and controlling the human resource and knowledge of emerging trends in training and employee development. Followings are the human resource challenges in Masood Textile Mills Ltd.1) Rapid Change The internal environment of the organization is changing very rapidly because of noise of the machines, high temperature where product is produced, quality control and cultural environment of the organization. The external environment of the organization is change in the technology, economic factors and industry establish products.2) Work intensity Diversity The values, norms and attitudes of the workers are not homogeneous so the workers have to be trained by the different kinds of courses which relate to the work force diversity. The dimen sions of workplace diversity include age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work experience.3) Legislation The rules and regulation, government policies, start act, services act and taxation laws are being changed every year so MTM must be updated with them.4) Competitive Challenge The competitive edge of the organization is Cost, Quality and Availability of the goods. So, MTM has to be updated according to customer preferences and competitors technologies for improving qualities and reducing costs.Human Resource ProblemsAlthough there are many HR problems in MTM as we have visited the human resource department in time the most identifiable was that of downsizing of employees.Masood Textile Mills have been utilize the downsizing strategy in order to cover its budget and to cut down the costs that bec ome high due to increase in the pays of operational level employees. MTM has increased the salaries of low level production workers from Rs. 3,000 to Rs.4,000. In this way the budget increases and MTM has to cover up so, it used to downsize the employees.Downsizing Impacts boilersuitIt is effecting the overall economy as more people are downsized the un-employment tend in the economy.Mixed effects on firm performance some short-term costs savings, but long-term profitability valuation not strongly affected.Firms reputation as a good employer is suffering.Downsizing do on Employee MoraleEmployee motivation disrupted increase in governmental behaviors, anger, fear which is likely to negatively impact quality of customer serviceViolation of psychological contract, leads to cynicism, lowered work commitment, fewer random acts of good willSurvivors experience more stress due to longer work hours with re-designed jobs, and increased uncertainty regarding future downsizings.Solutions t o DownsizingEmploymentChanges in counterbalance/Benefits can be an effective alternative to downsizing.Outplacements can be another good alternative to downsizing in which organization help give birth employees find new jobs with other firms.Attritions which mean the voluntary departures of employees must be encouraged in this situation. Voluntary Quitsby employees must be appreciated. Offer voluntary early retirement or other packages to people within a certain category, such as particular position or years of service. If this offer does not result in full savings, it is extended to a broader pool. Offer early retirement incentives to pension-eligible employees in a specific area. If that doesnt get sufficient response, expand the pool and so on.Hiring block off can be done by not allowing job openings fill with external employees. Internal job recruitment by succession planning can be done in order to fill new job opening. Relocationcan be done by direct the employees overseas to another branch of MTM where there is HR shortage rather of hiring new employees there. It would definitely cut costs.VoluntaryPay cuts of employees can be done by making sure that they will get the compile pay at the end of year with some increment in it.Involuntary Separation policies must be strict enough to maintain employee commitment to organizational policies and in case of dis-obey must be separated. earlier Retirements can be granted to employees. Organization may include the well-fixed handshake benefit.Temporary Layoffscan be done. This will help organization to maintain its employee loyalty and also cut down its work force for some period.Other implications to improve HR performanceSuccessful organizations have a focus on the performance of their employees. Here employees are rewarded based purely on their performance on set criteria. Their performance goals and targets are understandably defined and communicated to them in a formal way. The employees feel propel and accountable for their performance and strive to achieve/exceed the targets set for them. The only thing that pleases the managers and leadership is higher achievements and performance delivery.Regular Feedback to Employees. Supervisors must have to get feedback on regular basis from workers.This feedback should be on mean solar day to day basis to improve the current targets rather than to to rectify the errors / mistakes of past.This access code needs to observe and evaluate the efficiency of employees.This is also ensure that the manager also involved to give positive feedback for the job well done.Authoized extra time payment The surest way to aggravate a wage and hourly convey is not to pay overtime to those employees who have worked. The Department of Labor (DOL) regulations has been clearly mad that if you know that an employee had worked more time than is scheduled, you must paid him, even if you did not depute him for additional work.Exempted employees treat properly Employers expects that their absolve employees (those exempt from the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)) to worked as long as the job done.Some of the employers also punish their exempted employees to do work for paid vacation or sick time.Review HR policies and procedures. There should be clearly written policies can be both effective employee relationship.The policies that are out of date applied improperly should have opposite effect.There should be regular review of policies that should be matched with new laws,rules regulations.Experts suggest that a total review of policies should be made once a year.

Analysis Study Of Colonial Discourse In Literature

Analysis Study Of Colonial Discourse In literary whole shebangColonial treat has been defined by umpteen writers such(prenominal) as Diniz (1996126) who consigns out hat Colonial discourse usu totallyy refers to the writing which runs from quin hundred years, through the days of atomic number 63an mer cleartile expansion, to our give birth cadence (1996126).This definition suggests that the era of Colonialism in publications began in the 17th C. with the number of Shakespe atomic number 18s The Tempest (1611-12). In this paper, however, the term is substance ab wontd to refer to the literary productions write in slope, solely when confined to the century of British Colonialism and the decades of anti- or attitude colonial activity which followed. says small-armoeuv heartyism (1978) substance ab ingestions the fantasy of colonial discourse to re-order the study of colonialism. So it dissolve be said to inaugurate a in the altogether reliable-hearted of stud y of colonialism. Saids aimalism examines how the eastern, including the Middle East, is represented in the explalocal ara networkded estate and the literature indite by the wolfram. The West al way of conducts looks at the East as outclassed peck without piety or morals.Saids projecttries to show how knowledge about the non-Europeans was rive of the process of maintaining effect over them. In short, Orientalism is primarily concerned with how the Orient was constructed by westbound Literature and non with how such bend was genuine by colonial playing fields. It examines the Western attitudes toward the East. Said concludes that the Western writers depict the Orient as irrational, week and feminised other. This depiction can be strained with the depiction of the West as rational, strong and masculine.Saids Culture and Imperialism (1994)Colonial discourse is a concept popularized by Edward Said. In this paper, it refers in any case to the knowledge of Africa c onstructed by the West (colonial writers as Defoe and Conrad) to bolster its colonizing interests, and the reaction of the East ( colonised writers as Achebe). Colonial discourse has non been the product of a certain sequence and it has attracted the attention of several writers and critics. Those famed authors as Conrad and Defoe created remarkable works out of the subject of Colonialism. Nowadays, Colonial discourse is matchless of the most current issues in literary criticism.1.2. Life and whole caboodle of Defoe, Conrad and Achebe1.2.1. Life and work of DefoeDanial Defoe was born about 1660 in London. His bugger off, James Foe, was pitiful alone hard working moreovercher. Defoe was not able to attend conventional institutions like Oxford and Cambridge because of his fathers opposition. Defoe is often consumeed the father of English refreshed. He is a subjugate of simple prose and unchewable narrative with a love of realistic detail. He is a great imaginative writ er who creates one of the most long-familiar resonant myths of modern literature. He is influenced by the writings of Addison, Steel and Swift. Defoes crucial works are Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flocal area networkders (1722), Capitan Singleton (1720) and The Hi fig manpowert of Peter the Great and Colonel bozo (1722). Defoe died in London on April 24, 1731.1.2.2. Life and Works of ConradJoseph Conrad was born in December 3, 1857. His childhood was affected by his homelands struggle for independence. He is a Polish newfangledist and short in utterance writer. Conrad is one of the English languages greatest stylists. He be have intercourses one of the greatest writers in the world. His major works include tenderheartedness of shadow (1902), Lord Jim (1900), The Secret Agent (1907), Under the Western look (1911) and Nostrome (1904). He died of heart failure on August 3, 1924.1.2.3. Life and Works of AchebeChinua Achebe was born in Ogidi in eastern Nigeria on November 16, 1930. His parents instill in him legion(predicate) of the values of their traditional agri burnish. He is one of most well-known(a) post colonial writers. He has become re bracinged as a father of modern African literature. After publishing Things Fall by, he became one of the founders of the new Nigerian literature.Achebes chief(prenominal) storys are Things snuff it asunder (1959), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964) and A Man of sight (1966). His novels are primarily addressed to an African audience, but their psychological insights have gained them universal acceptance. His education in English allows him to scram both the European and the African perspectives on colonial expansion, race, religion and culture.1.3. The relevancy of the StudyThere are soldieryy writers who have tackled the concept of colonialism in their works. It is customary to read Shakespeares The Tempest as the origin outstanding major work to present colonial discourse the way the co loniser and the colonised portrayed in the characters of Prospero and Caliban. In The Tempest, Shakespeares major addition to the narrative is to strike the island inhabited before Prosperos arrived. That single addition turns the adventure story into an fiction of the colonial encounter.There are two ways of representing colonialism in literature. The prime(prenominal) one is represented by the colonisers point of view the European writers. Those colonial writers are Shakespeare, Defoe, Conard and J.M. Cotezee. Those writers have compose plays and novels which deal with the theme of colonialism as Defoes with the them of colonialism as Defoes Robinson Crusoe (1719), Corads Heart of Darkness (1902), Carys Mister Johnson ( ) and Cotezees Foe (1986).Those writers give a negative become grapple of Africa in situationicular and the East in general. Africans are depicted as primitrue, savages, uncivilized, inferior and ignorant. As a resultant role of this negative representa tion of Africa in particular and the East, including the Middle East, which is determinen as sub-human in general several critics criticized this subject. Among the critics who criticized this subject are Edward Said, Achebe and other African critics like Ngugiwa, Chinwerza and Nkruma. Those African critics provide a theoritcal frame work to examine the representation of the colonized in the literature produced by the writers belonging to the countries of the colonizer. They have re-written the representation of the colonized from non-Euro. centric perspective.So their writing is a mean of re-writing the history, the culture from their cultural perspective which is called Afro-centric point of view.Saids Orientalism(1978) one of the first works which examines how the East, including the Middle East, is represented in the history and the literature written by the West. The West always looks at the East as an inferior race without religion or morals. Saids projects tries to show how knowledge about the non-European was part of the process of maintaining power over them. It also examines the Western attitudes toward the East.In short, Orientalism is primarily concerned with how the Orient was constructed by Western literature and not how such construction was received by colonial subjects. Said concludes that the Western writers depict the Orient as irrational, weak and feminized other. This depiction can be contrasted with the depiction of the West as rational, strong and masculine.Saids Culture and Imperialism (1994) is some other work to explain the complex and the ongoing bloods betwixt the East and the West, the colonizer and the colonized, the snow-white and the moody. Said specifically addresses the way in which subjugated people are represented within literature and how it has affected not only these people but also the cultures in which they live.Achebes Things Fall asunder (1959) is one of the first books to represent the African image from an A fro-centric perspective. This novel is always seen as a response to the image created by Conrad and Cary.In this novel, Achebe writes the story of small town of the Ibo cabaret from an African point of view. In his essay An Image of Africa racialism in Heart of Darkness, Achebe views that Conrads discourse of native Africans in Heart of Darkness as racist. Achebe focuses on Conrads treatment of Africa as an other world, an antithesis at Europe and therefore at civilization (9th. In Achebe, 3).Achebe specifically criticizes Conrads racism which is convey through the choice of words, ignorance, fiction, comparison and imagery of the writer. Achebe argues that the choice of words Conrad uses is really limited. He repeats words like inscrutable and frenzy overly many another(prenominal) times and at several occasions. Conrad changes these for their synonyms. (Ibid).According to him, the image of darkness pointed in the book is well(p) the stereotyped view of Europeans towards African as whole. Achebe believes that Conrad is just pleasing the readers by telling them what they want to hear. In his conclusion, Achebe calls Conrad a bloody racist who mock both African land and African people.1.4. The regularity of the StudyThis term paper is based on an analytical method. The analysis includes the themes, the characters and the techniques of each novel.Chapter II2.1. The Purpose of the StudyThe principle aims of this research are as followsTo examine the them of colonialism and how its consequences are reflected through Defoes Robinson Crusoe, Conrads Heart of Darkness and Achebes Things fall asunder.To examine how three different writers of two different cultures, races, countries and religions represent the colonizer and the colonized in these three novels.To compare and contrast literary pieces written from the point of view of European imperialists and the African/colonized perspectives.To compare and contrast these two negative and positive represen tations of the colonized (Africa) both as land and people as it was presented in these three novels.2.2. The Significance/ Importance of the StudyChapter III component 1(Defoes Robinson Crusoe)3.1.1. Plot Summary of Defoes Robinson Crusoe from the perspective of Colonial DiscourseDefoes Robinson Crusoe (1719) takes vest in the indorse half of the 17thC. when European companies vied for control and exploitation of colonized lands around the world. Crusoe, the central character, appears to represent his imperialist spirit first when he goes to Guniea, next when he travels to Brazil and opens plantation, and terminally when he becomes king of an island.Crusoe colonizes the island by building houses, taking Friday as his servant after meeting him and officiation to the mountaineers as his subjects.3.1.2. Understanding Colonialism in Defoes Robinson Crusoe Analysis of the Theme and the CharactersDefoes Robinson Crusoe (1719) was written when the people of the 18thC. were traveling abroad, discovering new lands and dish outing Christianity. They were colonizing lands and imposing their culture and language there. The powerful tribe controls the economy, and the territory of a week country. Africa was one of the main colonies of the British Empire and the British were at the centre of power whereas the Other were at the margin of power. In other words, the colonizer suppressed the Other, his language and his culture too.Robinson Crusoe is the second important work to present colonial discourse the way the colonizer and the colonized are portrayed in the figures/ characters of Crusoe, Friday, non whiteman, and Xury, a servant of Crusoe. The roles of Crusoe, Friday, Xury and the mountaineers have been discussed in terms of rules and subjects in close connection to the treatment of those people by Crusoe. Defoes Robinson Crusoe is often read in modern times as an allegory of colonialism, and there is a great deal in the last chapters to reserve this view.Frida ys subjection, servitude and submission to Crusoe reflects colonial race relations (Defoe 185). This is clear when Crusoe thinks that he is assist Friday by making him his servant. Moreover, Colonial terms appear when dealing with the array he mountaineers. Crusoe and the Captain terrify them by referring to a fictional regulator of the island who willing punish Hem severely. This fiction of regulator for shadows the very governor who will no doubt be installed on the island eventually. Because Crusoe has claimed the territory for England.Indeed, Crusoe refers to this union as my colony in the island, which depicts us, the readers, wander whether he really consider it his own or it is officially a colony or figuratively so.As the novel sheds light upon the theme of colonialism, the reader observes the way the colonizer and the colonized are portrayed in it. In the novel, Crusoe, the central character, is the lesson of colonialism whereas Friday is the symbol of the subjects ra ces. Friday is instructed, wedded language and converted to Christianity, Crusoes religion.Crusoes instructions on Friday are examples of his attitudes towards human beings who he trained to do his work. As a colonizer, Crusoe wants to spread his religion. He refers to Christianity and to the Bible in order to convert Friday to Christianity. Crusoe teaches Friday the word outgo even before teaching him yes or no and lets him know that was to be Crusoes name (Defoe185).Crusoe refers to him egotism as king over the natives and Europeans, who are his subjects. Moreover, Friday is an example of the self and the other. Crusoe instructs him, gives him language, in order to help him to run his Empire on the island. He is an example of the Other because he is only servant.Pennycook suggest that Colonialism is probably the setting without equal of contractions of self-importance and Other (200210). We can observe the process of this construction in the dialogues between Crusoe and FridayM aster Well, Friday, and what does your nation do with the men they take? Do they carry them a way and eat them, as these did?Friday yes, my nation eat mans up too eat all up.(Defoe P.192).In such dialogues, we can see the relation institutionalize not only between Self and Other as constructed by colonialism but also between these and English. Friday has been effrontery a very particular, colonizing English words to expenses his cultural background, besides his utter in Crusoes own language.Phillispsons discussion (1992) of Crusoes lessons to Friday is one of the earliest instances of English lingual imperialism which he calls as the locus-classical of the start of English linguistic imperialism to Crusoe, and he has no right to disobey him.Phillipson states that Crusoes-Fridays relationship reflects the racial bodily structure of Western society at the hey day of slavery (P.109). Phillipson sees Crusoe as the epitome of imperialist slavery, i.e. a key figure in the European att empt to gain political and economic mastery over the large areas of the world. According to Brantlinger, what Crusoe cants master- or nark to call him master- he sees only as savagery and desert island. (1990P.2).Crusoes relationship with Friday comes in several layers. At one point in the novel, Crusoe refers to Fridays people as blinded, ignorant pagans (Defoe170). The relationship between them is like that between Crusoe and Xury. Earlier, Crusoe has told Xury that if he will be assentful to him, he will illuminate him a great man. As soon as the Captain offers 60 pieces of lucky for Exury, Crusoe accepts it and sells him for the sake of economic gain. Crusoe stands for the colonizer who occupies the other countries under the pretext that he educates and develops the nation.Crusoe, as a colonizer, changes Fridays language, religion, habits, culture and even his name. This is how the colonizer imposes his own language, religion, culture and identity on the occupied nations. Th e banishment of Fridays religions beliefs emphasizes the colonization theme.Crusoes attitude towards Friday is reflected in his description. His attitude is that of a master-servant. He requires a complete subservience and faith fullness from Friday. Crusoe looks upon Friday as a creature when he will care for, giving him water, food and clothing. Crusoe does not even try to learn Friday veritable name which shows the European supremacy theme in the novel. Crusoe gives Friday his name as he has done with his parrot, Poll.Regarding the Euro-centric attitude of the time, Defoe ensures that Friday is not Crusoes equal in the novel. Friday is clear a servant and inferior in rank, power and respect. Crusoes vocabulary reveals much about how he imagines his role on the island. He starts to describe himself as generalissimo of an army with Friday as his lieutenant-general.At the very opening of the novel, he is a mere castaway but towards the end, he openly refers to himself as a nationa l leader of military forces. We sense how deeply essential Crusoes imagined national role as a king of this island when he refers to his new guests as his subjects.Friday is probably the first non white character to be given a realistic, individualized and human portrayal in the English novel. Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance. If Crusoe represents the first colonial mind in fiction, then Friday represents not only a Caribbean commonwealths man but also all the natives of Asia, Africa, and America who would later be oppressed in the age of European colonialism.When Crusoe teaches Friday to call him master, Friday becomes an enduring political symbol of racial injury in modern world and critical of imperialist expansion. Recent rewritings of the story of Crusoe, like Cotezees Foe and Tourniers Friday, emphasize the consequences of Crusoes failure to scan Friday and suggest how the tales office be told very different from the natives perspective. In any case, Cru soe has turned his story of one mans survival into a political tale replete with its own ideas about imperialism.In short, it is not surprising that contemporary readers regard Defoes novel as the prototypical colonial novel of the 18thC. if not in all of English literature. To conclude, this novel is not only a reflection of colonialist practices, but part of large discourse concerned with the colonial customs of the British Empire.3.1.3. Analysis of the floor Techniques in Defoes Robinson CrusoeDefoe combines many narrative methods in Robinson Crusoe to make the novel authentic and realistic. These techniques are narration (point of view), the use of irony, attention to details, symbols and the use of dates and names of places. Robinson Crusoe is both the teller and the main character of the novel. He narrates the story in both the first and the one-third person, presenting only what he himself observes. He describes his feelings occasionally but only when they are over whelmi ng. He normally favors a more factual narrative style focused on actions and events.Another important narrative device is the use of symbols and irony. As for the symbols, the author uses three symbols like the can print, the cross and the bower. The foot print stands for Crusoes scraped feelings about human companionship in whole he interprets it negatively as the print of all the devil. The cross symbolizes Crusoes new existence on the island and the power stands for the radical improvement in Crusoes attitude toward his time on the island.As for the irony, it is a literary device for Defoe. There are several examples of its use in the novel, but the best example are the discovery of the foot print and the warning of Crusoes father. First, Crusoe ignores his fathers adviceif he goes abroad, he will be the most miserable wretch that was ever born, (Defoe. P.4)Second, Crusoe wishes for human beings to come because he was alone, but when he sees the foot print of a naked man, he is afraid. Crusoe comments on this ironyHow strange a checker work of providence is the career of a man. Today we love what tomorrow we hate immediately we seek what tomorrow we shun today we desire what tomorrow we fear. (Defoe P140).The third narrative technique is the use of a circumstantial method which tells us not only what Crusoe did but how he did it. There are many examples of the uses of details such as Crusoes project in raising of the crops of barley and rice on the island, killing the gouts and making a sieve, and the description of the ship wrecks and Crusoes adventures. Such details produce the effect of realism. The last method is the use of dates and geographical place-names. All of these devices add to the realistic effect of the novel.Chapter Three character Three Achebes Things Fall Apart3.3.1. Plot Summary of Things Fall Apart from the perspective of Colonial Discourse.Achebes Things Fall Apart (1959) traces the brio in the Ibo colony of Umuofia just before and after its initial tangency with European colonialists and their Christian religion. The novel is divided into three parts the first part deals with the life of the Ibo people before the arrival of the dapple man, illustrating various panoramas of Ibos way of life.The second part deals with Okonkwos exile and the arrival of the missionaries and the effect of their arrival, including the conversation of Nwoye to Christianity. The third part deals with the effects of the white mans religion, education, power, laws and economics on the tribes culture.The first signs of colonization come to Abame when the first white man appears. He is killed by the people of Abame on the order of the Oracle who tells them that the white man would be soon followed by others and he would destroy their way of life. As a result, the village has been undone by other white men. During Okonkwos exile, the white man comes to both Umuofia and Mbanta and wins many converts. When Okonkwo affords to Umuof ia, he finds that life begins to change. Therefore, he stands up to the colonizers in an attempt to entertain his culture. When he kills a British messenger, Okonkwo realizes that he stands alone, and he hangs himself.3.3.2. Understanding Colonialism in Things Fall Apart Analysis of the Theme and the CharactersAchebes Things Fall Apart relates the story of disintegration falling apart of an African society that came in contact with Western values as a result of the colonization. The novel explores the sexual climax of the white man and its effects on the culture of the people of Umuofia.The attack of the white man brought about culture conflict which affects the people of Umuofias religion, their agriculture, their legal system and their social life. The collapse of a society that was strongly join is told through the story of Okonkwo and the village Umuofia. The novel shows the general disintegration of this culture when it is attacked by other culture.The incursion of the co lonizer is changing every aspect of the Ibo society such as religion, family structure, gender roles, relations and trade. The colonizers bring language, religion, education, commerce, regime and law to Umuofia which are unquestionably disruptive. Okonkwo, the representative of the Ibo culture, realizes that the white man has been too successful in his ways to change the tribes ways. He grieves the loss of his tribe and the life he once knew.Okonkwo feels betrayed by his son who joins the white missionaries and his lan who have not stood up once against the white intruders. The arrival of the white man and his culture heralds the death of the Ibo culture. The while man does not honor the tribes customs and strives to convince the tribes men that their ways are better. As a result of colonialism, the tribe is split, pitting brother against brother and father against son. Many of the tribes leading have joined the missionaries and the tribal beliefs and customs are being ignored. O konkwos final act of resistance exemplifies how Africans and other colonized people have courageously resisted colonialism instead of passively accepting it.In Things Fall Apart, the representatives of the colonizer are Mr. embrown, Mr. metalworker and the zone commissioner and the colonized are Okonkwo and the entire Ibo society.Achebe gives the reader a dramatic contrast between the first white missionary Mr. brownish and Mr. Smith who replaces him. As his name suggests, Mr. Brown is able to navigate successfully the racial division between the colonizer and the colonized. Mr. Brown appears reasonable, respectful, kind, patient and an open-minded man who is willing to make effort to respect and understand the Ibo beliefs. Mr. Brown succeeds in winning a large number of converts because he listens to the villagers stories, beliefs, and opinions. He be friends many great men of the lan and discusses religious beliefs with them. He accepts the converts unconditionally. Mr. Brown i s the most influential character in the novel who does not encourage the conflict between the old and the new faith.Mr. Brown realizes that the direct attack with Ibo is useless. Therefore, he adapts a very clever policy by building a school, hospital and finally a perform. Achebe statesIn this way Mr. Brown learnt a good deal about the religion of the lan and he came to the conclusion that a fro natal attack on it would not success. (Achebe 163).Then he asks the people to send their children to the school and argues that the leaders of Umuofia will be men and women who can read and write. It is Mr. Brown who warns them that strangers like the District commissioner will come from other places to rule them.Actually, Mr. Brown is a man who loves peace and respects the traditional culture. So there was no conflict between the Ibo culture and the Western culture during his period. He has a real interest in the welfare of the Ibo people. As an individual, he is a good representative of his society. Mr. Brown stands for the bright side of the colonizer.Another representative of the colonizer is Reverend Smith who replaces Mr. Brown as the new head of the Christian Church. Mr. Smith is strict and uncompromising, the opposite of Mr. Brown who was kind and compassionate. Unlike Mr. brown, Mr. Smith encourages people to hate the traditional people and their religion. Mr. Smith is the stereotypical white colonist. He has no respect for the culture or the traditions of the Ibo.Mr. Smith stiff ignorant of all the traditions and therefore has no hope of being consider enough. Mr. Smith thinks he is superior and others are inferior. Mr. Smith sees things as black and white and black is evil. (Achebe 166).Smiths black and white thinking leads to the destruction of the church and the clash between both cultures. As a result of this new missionary, the Christians attack the Ibo belief and culture and insult the tribes traditional customs. One of their victims Okonkwo, whose return co-insides with the arrival of Mr. Smith, the new faith divide father from son. Smiths policy and treatment of the Ibo people show that the colonialist system is more primitive than the Ibo system.The District Commissioner is another figure of the colonizer. He seems more inhuman because he takes interest in Okonkwos suicide only because it will give him a new tangible for his book. He decides to title his book The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.This purpose demonstrates his knowledge about African as primitive and his inability to make out how he has brought violence instead of peace to the Lower Niger. By reason out his novel with the District Commissioners misinterpretation and misinterpretation writing of the scene of colonial encounter, Achebe suggests that his novel is not simply about the colonial encounter between two different cultures. By drawing the attention to the District Commissioners monstrous sense of history. Achebe reminds the realer that the Western descriptions of Africa have largely been written by men like the District Commissioner. Consequently, Things Fall Apart seek to correct such erroneous historical records by retelling African history from an African perspective.In brief, Achebes Things Fall Apart illustrates what happened to the Ibo society at the time of its colonization by the British and how the colonialism affects the Ibo in many different ways their religion, family, children and their dead. Achebe describes what happens when different cultures works against each other. Now he the white man has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us tpgether and we have Fallen apart. (Achebe 160).In this lines Oberika seems to voice Achebes own thought on colonialism. Okonkwos suicide at the end of the novel represents the end of the Clans ancient way of life because he represents the clansman.3.3.3. Analysis of the Narrative Techniques in Achebes Things Fall ApartAchebe uses a number of techniques un Things Fall Apart such as the mixture between English language and Ibo vocabularies, use of proverbs and kinfolk tales, symbolism, use of similes and metaphors, comparisons and contrasts and the shift from present tense to past and again to present.The first method that Achebe uses is to develop a hybrid language that mixes Ibo and English words by introducing numerous African terms thought the novel like Chie (personal God-Fate), Obi (hut), Agbala (a man without title) and Osu (outcast). Achebe uses English language as a model of communication between people and to convince the Europeans that Nigeria is a nation with great potential. Achebe uses his language to draw the readers attention to his own language. Another important method is the use if Ibo proverbs as well as traditional folk tales which bring to life the oral culture of Ibo and indicate their intelligence, knowledge, morals, the strong religion and the cult ure of the country.Early in the novel, Achebe says if a child washed his hands, he could eat with the kings. Referring to Okonkwo (Achebe8). This implies that if Nigerians washed their hands, the country could be just as important as Britian.The third method is Achebes use of similes and metaphors to bring the narrative to life and his use of different kinds of comparisons that are related to the Ibo experience as proverbs are the palm oil with which words are eaten. (Achebe 6). The novel is developed in terms of comparison and contrast between the characters like the comparisons between father and son Unoka and Okonkwo and between friends like Nwoye and Ikemefuna, Unoka and Okoye Oberika and Okonkwo.Fourth, Achebe provides considerable detail about many aspects of traditional African life like family and clan relation, ceremonies and rituals, social structure (gender relations), political and religions practices and the role of nature in their world.This digression helps the reader to understand the daily activities and religious beliefs of the Ibo people. Achebe shifts from present to past then to present while describing the events and the characters.The best method is the narrative voice. May critics see Things fall Apart as a book with two narrative voices the traditional which dominates the first two/third of the book, and the modern which takes over the last third. Other critics see the book as narrated by a single narrator, whose tone changes and adopts overtime. The narrator mediates between the individual and the community, between the present and the past. All the previous devices make the novel authentic and realistic.3.3.4. Comparisons and Contrasts between these three textsConrads Heart of Darkness, Defoes Robinson Crusoe and Acheb