Ideal Woman :: essays research papers fc

Does any remains know what the likingl charwoman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? wherefore be woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males ar not? Why are im successions of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a whopping role in people lives. The biggest role it belike plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most(prenominal) of the woman appears to look thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming junior and thinner and some of them have an eating pain in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.It is conformation of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll lo ok. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by wellness and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of females age 15 say they need to draw back weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about four hundred to 600 advertisements per day (Dittrich), and by the time she is 17 days old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must(prenominal) be attractive and thin, which is not really true. at once beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, yo u see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that carriage is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but strict and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits.Ideal Woman essays research document fc Does anybody know what the ideal woman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? Why are woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males are not? Why are images of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a big role in people lives. The biggest role it probably plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most of the woman appears to lo ok thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming younger and thinner and some of them have an eating disorder in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.It is kind of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll look. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by Health and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of females age 15 say they need to lose weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about 400 to 600 advertisements per day (Dittr ich), and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must be attractive and thin, which is not really true. Today beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, you see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that appearance is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but self-disciplined and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits.

Good Death Concept Essay -- Health, Hospice Places, Alleviating Pain

This essay will consider some of the qualities inherent in the concept of a good death. In particular focus on those qualities that may impact on whether a death is considered timely or untimely, and how timeliness might contribute overall to the good death concept. in that respect does non appear to be a single definition of what might constitute a good death or indeed a consensus that it is achievable at all. Throughout history there appears to have been ideas about death. Clues to which are found in burial sites and ancient texts amongst others (K260, Block 1, Unit 2, pp 33-42). A widely used adage that to die in old age peacefully in sensations sleep hints that a good death is one that occurs in context, in this case in ones own bed, and furthermore, that it is timely, in the sense that it occurs after a long life.There is some symmetry on the characteristics that might constitute a timely or good death. That death is somewhat predictable, to allow planning and saying goodbye to love ones, is free of pain and distress, and occurs after having fulfilled potential for a good life, also that death is not unnecessarily prolonged (K260 DVD, A001 & A002,).Often it is not nevertheless the person who is dying that is affected by the end of life experience. There may be involvement from medical professionals, carers and of course family and loved ones. These concourse may have a different perspective on the end of life experience, and therefore, different expectations and needs that inform their views on what constitutes a good death. In a study by Costello (2006) on hospital nurses views of what made death good, predictability, to allow some control over the event, so as to minimise disruption, both emotional and physica... ...a sense of relationship with those present, a connection with the place of death, and of having reached an expected age, or life-stage. Age then seems closely related to timeliness. to that degree the relationship is compl icated by cultural issues, the dominance of the medical perspective, incongruences in religious beliefs and societys expectations on how the course of life ought to run. In achieving a good death some peoples wishes may be contrary to societys expectations. Some could receive medical interventions that they do not wish, such as the antibiotic regime Forster (2009) describes her father receiving, and yet others may not receive the treatment that they, or their loved ones, would like them to (Piece 43, Earle et al, pp 90 94). A good death then could be seen as one that occurs in context, and that is timely, on an individual and/or societal level.

Margaret Atwoods Cats Eye :: essays research papers

Trace the development of the bullying. How convincing atomic number 18 the situation and Elaines feelings are portrayed.-How it changes and increasesWe are first introduced to Cordelia and prepared for the future conflict between the two girls when it is mentioned, "The third girl doesnt wave". This lack of warmth towards Elaine is a premonition of what is to come, and is at the analogous clipping believable- new girls are often wary of each other, uncertain of what the other will be like. This key moment also reveals certain suit aspects in both Cordelia and Elaine that continue through out the bullying period, for example Cordelias judgmental attitude "her eyes are measuring" or " Cordelia is looking bygone me to where my parents are"      To me, this first meeting seems too rich on detail, too unbelievable because of the amount of detail that the adult Elaine has remembered. I cannot remember so furthermost back as to what another persons eyes looked like even yesterday, perhaps what they said made a deep impact and I would have remembered it, further surely a conversation between two girls when they were eight years old would not have been remembered in such great accuracy so many years afterwards.     Soon after Cordelias arrival she begins to intimidate Elaine, albeit unintentionally, by leading Elaine to make judgements and comparisons which she had not made before "It occurs to be for the first time that we are not rich." Showing the early signs of pressure and bullying starting to happen. Much of Cordelias character is also related to the audience at this point, her grownup doings is revealed "She has a smile like a grown-ups", "But children dont shake hands like this", "I feel shy with Cordelia", as is her childish nature, "The soft squashy kind, like peanut butter". These extreme swings are shown later when Cordelia appears to be friends with Elaine, while really harassing her. This again is typical of children- that they pick up on the conduct of their parents is quite natural, especially in Cordelias circumstances which are related when Elaine visits her with "I ask Cordelia if she is gifted, but she puts her tongue in the corner of her moth and turns away". The main motivation to bully Elaine seems to be the neglect that she has to deal with at home- the older siblings who are gifted and her ordinariness and inability to be more like them.

Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic Essay

Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos RepublicABSTRACT Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, What is command?, few argue that he is uninterested in the subject after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher. In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The eduction of the guardian class and the illustration of the core out present two edge pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift through the intricacies of dialogue. In rise to power to the complexity inherent in dramatic context, it seems clear that Socrates remarks are often steeped in irony. Thus, we stumble upon a problem how should we read these passages on education? Does Plato sozzled for us to read them genuinely or ironically? I will argue that Plato uses the dramatic context of the Republic to suggest that Socrates presents the education of the guardians ironically, while reserving the allegory of the cave for a glimpse of Socrates genuine pedagogy. I. IntroductionThough Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, What is education?, few argue that he is uninterested in the subject after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher.(1) In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The education of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift through the intricacies of dialogue. In addition to the complexity inherent in dramatic context, it seems clear that Socrates remarks are often steeped in irony.(2) Thus, we stumble upon a problem how should we read these passages on education? Does Plato mean for us to rea... ...l 1988) 214-231.(10) by undesirable, I mean that Socrates wants to prohibit the guardians from even considering something contrary to the ideal for fear that they may be corrupted. (11) Werner Jaeger, Paideia The Ideals of Greek Culture ( New York, NY Oxford University Press, 1943), 294.(12) Again, this is just the sort of response we see in Glaucon when Socrates begins the analogy of the cave (515a).(13) both the convention of those in his environment and the convention that he himself has sensorily experienced to be true in his environment(14) In feeble of the perdicament of the cave dwellers, it is clear that the teacher is absolutely necessary if philosophic insight is to occur. The cave dweller will never leave the prison on his own, except the teacher can forcibly free him from his shackles.(15) op cit.(16) op cit.(17) Miller, 5.1

Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Ch

Despite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopins The Awakening, depict the same suffering the isolation that women bugger off been constrained to endure through with(predicate)out history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands their responsibility revolving around the needs of their children and those of their spouse. Most women simply did not have a means or an idea of how to rebel against their husbands. The women in all three stories are protagonists who have measly relationships of emotional attachment with their spouses. While the main character of Gilmans story endures multiple psychotic breaks, Elisa Allen of Steinbecks piece is quite the opposite a very strong and powerful woman. Gilmans character finally resolves her problems by breaking free, where Elisa remains frustrated with her ignorant husband and Edn a of ultimately escapes through death. This dominance, this isolation, is a cycle maintained by society and the men at bottom it. A cycle that these three short stories prove to be nothing more than destructive and harmful for families as a whole. Following these storylines, there are three key points to address the relationship between husband and wife, womens standings within society and finally, the end that it drives these originally normal women to. At first Gilmans character tries to rebel against her husband through writing, (something she has been forbidden from doing while on her hiatus). In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman implies that although her husband is very careful and loving (Gilman 449) she is also her condemner. Gilman addresses the fact that John prev... ...tanding of equality but in these novellas the reader target only see the loneliness, inner-turmoil, and feelings of inadequacy that plagued every one. The reader learns that forcing a person, particularly a w oman, into such a place of exaggerated separation can have grave consequences.Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Awakening. The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women The Traditions in English. 2nd ed. Comp. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar. New York Norton, 1996. 1011-101. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Literature for Composition Reading and Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction,Poetry, and Drama. Ed. verdant Barnet, William Burto, and William E. Cain. 8th ed. New York Pearson Longman, 2007. 765-75. Print.Steinbeck, John. The Chrysanthemums. The Seagull Reader Stories. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2008.

Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Ch

Despite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopins The Awakening, depict the same suffering the isolation that women prolong been laboured to endure doneout history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands their responsibility revolving around the postulate of their children and those of their spouse. Most women simply did not have a means or an idea of how to rebel against their husbands. The women in all three stories are protagonists who have worthless relationships of emotional attachment with their spouses. While the main character of Gilmans story endures multiple psychotic breaks, Elisa Allen of Steinbecks piece is quite the opposite a very strong and powerful woman. Gilmans character finally resolves her problems by breaking free, where Elisa remains frustrated with her ignorant husband and Edna of ultimately e scapes through death. This dominance, this isolation, is a cycle maintained by society and the men within it. A cycle that these three short stories prove to be nothing to a greater extent than destructive and harmful for families as a whole. Following these storylines, there are three key points to address the relationship between husband and wife, womens standings within society and finally, the end that it drives these originally normal women to. At first Gilmans character tries to rebel against her husband through writing, (something she has been forbidden from doing while on her hiatus). In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman implies that although her husband is very careful and loving (Gilman 449) she is also her condemner. Gilman addresses the fact that John prev... ...tanding of equality but in these novellas the reader potty only see the loneliness, inner-turmoil, and feelings of inadequacy that plagued every one. The reader learns that forcing a person, particularly a woman, i nto such a place of exaggerated separation can have grave consequences.Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Awakening. The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women The Traditions in English. 2nd ed. Comp. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar. New York Norton, 1996. 1011-101. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Literature for Composition Reading and Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction,Poetry, and Drama. Ed. country Barnet, William Burto, and William E. Cain. 8th ed. New York Pearson Longman, 2007. 765-75. Print.Steinbeck, John. The Chrysanthemums. The Seagull Reader Stories. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2008.

How does John Steinbeck use animals in ‘Of Mice And Men’? Essay

For the duration of Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck makes references to animals and animal behaviour in portraying the characteristics of the characters. non only does he do this, and also uses actual animals as a medium in which to show emotions and symbolisms. It is this theme which I plan to look for in this short essay.In the title of the book, Steinbeck chose to mention mice, taken from part of a poem by Robbie Burns, who wroteThe best laid plans of mice and menGang aftermost aglee and leave us naughtBut grief and pain for promised joy.This is quite apt considering what happens in the book and it could be said that the book revolves almost the poem. Steinbeck lets the reviewer know that the story will contain animal references from the findning of the book.On the first page, rabbits are mentioned coming out of the brush to sit on the sand in the evening. Later in the chapter, Lennie says to George, I remember about the rabbits, George, to which George responds, The hell w ith the rabbits. Thats all you ever can remember is them rabbits. It is strange that rabbits are mentioned both in nature and in converse dialogue in the same section. However, it is not so much the rabbits that Lennie is looking forward to, but the inspiration of something better, his ideal world. George takes it upon himself to ground Lennie, bringing him back to reality. Their relationship is complex and we only get glimpses of their history together. This technique is used by the author so that the reader can come up with their own interpretations.Lennie is draw further on dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws, creating imagery that Lennie is like a bear. When the majority of people hear the word bear, they immediately think vicious, ferocious, or even wild. Steinbeck makes it clear that Lennie is none of these things but is in fact a gentle giant who is unaware of the impression he makes upon others. The imagery of a bear is contradicted later on when Lenn ie is again described to have animal characteristics, those of a terrier. When he is slowly coming towards George, he approaches, draws back, and approaches again.When the pair arrive at the ranch, a whole batch of characters are introduced, including edulcorate and his dog. This is not the only dog on the ranch, as Slim also owns one, one which is pregnant. Candys dog symbolises old age and the ultimo duration Slims represents life and things to come. When Candy is bullied into having his dog shot due to its annoyance of others on the farm, it is the separation of a connection to the past, a restrict that has been severed. Around the same time, Slims dog gives birth and puppies are introduced into the world.The killing of Candys dog is a determined action to begin to erase the old and to celebrate for the future. It could be said that this is reflected in the American Dream that happened during the Great Depression. The characters in Of Mice And Men are all working towards a go al or aspiration. George and Lennie realize this when they arrive at the ranch and they see that what they have now is a fresh start. A chance to clear their past and work towards the future.The theme of life being reflected in nature is not uncommon for the rest of the book, and John Steinbeck makes several other references to death and how life continues to dismiss on despite it, as though death is an integral part of life, how it is unavoidable and should be honoured, not mourned.This theme plays an important role in the thought where Curleys Wife meets Lennie in the barn. Before she even enters, George has already killed one of Slims puppies by stroking it too hard. This is reinforcing the image of him being bear-like, how he doesnt know his own strength. When the nave character of Curleys Wife begins to flirt with him, he says that he likes to stroke soft things and so begins stroking her hair. When she begins to struggle, Lennie gets scare and doesnt realize that he breaks her neck. In the book, it says that her body flopped like a fish. The reader is now left with the image of a bear with a flailing fish in its paws, not in a malignant way, but in one that is trying to calm it down.When Lennie rushes off to the brush where George told him to wrap up if anything goes wrong at the start of the book, he is met by two apparitions, one of his aunt Clara, and one of a giant rabbit. The rabbit is a connection to the ambition that Lennie held at the start. Steinbeck is trying to convey to the reader that the dream that these people in the Great Depression held was too unrealistic, how a series of unfortunate events leads to the compete decease of the dream.

Customer Service Essay

As a highly motivated and energetic person, I was excited to learn of your bon tons opening for an Assistant Manager. In reviewing my resume, you will find that I possess all the attributes your are seeking, gained in over six years of hands-on progressive experience. A perfect tot up for your needs. You seek someone with motivational and leadership skills. I propelled my career to become the top Senior Sales Consultant for a fortune 500 company that serves 90 stores in 25 states.While increasing the bottom line of the company using innovative techniques, I utilized strong interpersonal skills to skeleton a solid team of personnel with a high morale. Exceptional Customer Service has been demonstrated by my ability to manage customers needs while applying operations knowledge by implementing aggressive sales plans with a cutting edge technique, of particular value to your industry.A team worker with the ability to work effectively with others, I developed training techniques that provided win-win results Through a product-awareness program employees received intensive training, while customers benefited from level-headed and confident customer service personnel. For your convenience, I have kept this letter short. I can make an immediate and valuable contribution to In-Game Support recreation and look forward to meeting you where we can discuss in more detail your needs and my qualifications.

Argument Essay †Illegalize Alcohol Essay

Our province is facing a growing problem. It is a problem of moralistic decay. The legal and open use of inebriant is an unnecessary vice that is enjoyed and accepted by a majority of the United States population, unfortunately, it leads to social and moral downfalls. Alcohol should be held to the same standards as new(prenominal) illegal mind and body-altering substances, as alcohol is addicting and has no medical value. Lawmakers and active voters should put an outright ban on alcohol. The gross that is generated from the manufacturing, distributing, and sales of alcohol is a major source of taxable income that is a benefit.As of 2007 the U. S. Government was collecting $5. 6 billion dollars annually from the taxation of alcohol (joshritchie). This revenue has tended to increase each and every year. Although the revenue is important, the question must be asked, is it moral? Is it moral for our governance to profit off the sale of a frivolous vice that causes fatalities and cr eates addicts? The revenue that is made from the taxation of alcohol could be lost, and would simply increase our never-ending national debt by a miniscule amount. with out history our country has faced several social epidemics that have resulted in many people becoming substance abusers. Though these times our government has stepped in and enforced laws to restore the moral and social fabric of the infected areas. The current epidemic that we are facing is the abuse of alcohol. It is widespread and available about everywhere in our country. According to the Alcohol- related to Disease Impact (ARDI) tool, from 20012005, there were approximately 79,000 deaths annually attributable to excessive alcohol use. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Beyond the bite of the deaths that are related to alcohol every year, a staggering number of people in the United States are alcoholics. According to the National Library of Medicine, around 17. 6 million adults in the United States are alcoholics or have alcohol problems. (U. S. National Library of Medicine) We need to completely ban alcohol so that we can start working on decreasing the number of addicts in our country rather than encourage the use to every single person sightly as he or she turns a certain age.The United States government has already tried to ban alcohol in the past, it was a complete reverse and subsequently repealed. This attempt resulted in a spike in organized crime and was an obvious failure. Eventually the government conceded and re-legalized the use of alcohol. I too leave alone concede that it was a failure on the part of our government in enforcing the prohibition of alcohol. Even today we are fighting the exact same date by the DEA with the Controlled Substances Act.There is already a long list of illegal substances that are attached priorities and schedules and are subsequently enforced. It would non be a protract to incorporate alcohol into this list of illegal drugs. Many would assert that it would be difficult to enforce the mere consumption and manufacturing of small amounts of alcohol by individuals in there own homes. It is a very simple process to either brew low alcohol content drinks or to distill higher alcohol content spirits. The enforcing of these laws would be similar to current laws of cannabis cultivation.These laws would seem just as hard to enforce, yet they are enforced. The manufacturing of homemade alcohol could be given the same fear of punishment and could be enforced on incident-to-incident bases. Alcohol has the tendency to increase the probability of someone committing a violent crime. If alcohol were outlaw and harder to get a hold of this number of crimes would greatly diminish. The National Center for Victims of Crime has referenced the U. S. Department of Justice concerning drug and alcohol related crimes.The give out states, The U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Surv ey asks the violent crime victims who describe seeing their offenders whether they perceived the offender to be on a lower floor the influence of drugs or alcohol. According to the 1999 survey, over a quarter of the violent crime victims could make such a determination. About twenty-eight percent (28%) of those reported that the offender was under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs. The most common substance identified was alcohol alone.About sixteen percent (16%) reported that the offender was under the influence of alcohol alone (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2001). (The National Center for Victims of Crime) This only takes into account the victims that were able to see their offender this means that there are possibly more unaccounted for alcohol related crimes. The legal and open use of alcohol as a vice is leading to the downfall of our society. It is creating addicts while not offering a single practical medical benefit. The United States Government has already invested time, money, and effort to enforcing its Controlled Substances Act.Alcohol should be held to the same standards as all other physically altering substances are held to. Alcohol poses the risk of dependence and has no beneficial medical value. In order to start the moral fabric of our country we need to do away with the crime inducing substance alcohol. Lawmakers and active voters, it is our duty to hold our selves to higher standards and completely abolish the manufacturing, sale, and use of alcohol. Works Cited crapulence MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. . CDC Alcohol and Public Health Home Page Alcohol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. . Drug Related Crime. The National Center for Victims of Crime. 2008. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . Joshritchie. How Much Is the Government Making Off of Alcohol? Tax Break The TurboTax Blog. Tax Break The TurboTax Blog Its both abou t the Refund. 5 July 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2011.

Compare and Contrast Essay on Mac vs. PC Essay

In the technological world, there has been a raging debate on the macintosh and PC which is better in terms of affairr friendly, cost, and reliability among others. There ar various similarities, as well as differences amid the twain computers. When looking for an ideal computer, every user needs to look at some factors such as the PCs price, technical characteristics, and more so what one really needs in a computer.From the outlook of things, the Mac and PC stick out the basic foundations of a computer which has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse. Both the Mac and PC are compatible with handheld devices. Unlike the past when PCs were more prone to viruses and malware, the Mac is also prone to such. To protect both(prenominal) devices from malicious attacks, they are both safe to use after installation of updated anti-virus software. Both can be used by home owners and businessmen. They can be customized to a clients preference they both have voice commands, maps, and use the m ouse and keyboard as their interface. Despite these similarities, there are striking differences between them.The Mac is known to use OSX as its main operational system. However, conflicting PC which just uses the Microsoft Windows as it main operating system, Mac can run on both operating systems, thus has a wider compatibility, what makes Mac the only computer that can run on a variety of major operating systems. The PC is more plethoric in the workplace, unlike the Mac which is for the elite and large corporation owners. PC owners have a wider range of choices for repairs on their devices, unlike Mac users who are confine to certain stores in addition, PCs users have a range of different manufactures and distributors to choose from. The PC is manufactured by various companies such as HP, Dell, Lenovo, Acer, Samsung, and Toshiba among others, while Mac is only manufactured by Apple Inc.Read AlsoCompare and Contrast Essay Topics for College StudentsIn terms of cost, Macs are mo re expensive than PCs. Moreover, Macs have limited memory with most ranging from 1 GB to 4 GB while PCs have a higher memory capacity which ranges from 2 GB to 8 GB. This is the same case when it comes to the hard drives, whereby Macs are smaller than the PCs. In terms of software, Macs are more compatible with a variety of soft wares, unlike PCs which mainly support and are compatible with Windows friendly software. PCs are great for home use and can easily beused by children doing their school day work. Macs are great for computer programmers and other people more knowledgeable in the computer industry. Finally, for game lovers, PC is the best choice, since it has an array of games unlike the Mac.In conclusion it should be noted that both Mac and PC are reliable and user friendly. The most important factor for its users is the compatibility, availability, and stability. All in all, when it comes to choosing between the Mac and the PC, for most users it is about personal preferenc e, since with technological advancement, most challenges within both are effectively addressed. However, one major striking difference between the two is that Macs are designed for lovers of technology, while PCs are designed for anyone who needs to use a computer at school, work or home because they are more affordable, efficient, and compatible. Therefore, in this technological world, finding the right computer that meets ones needs and wants is the key towards success.

Coeducation: 2nd Millennium and Universal Elementary Education Essay

In early civilizations, people were educated informally to begin with within the household. As time progressed, education became more than structured and formal. Women often had very few rights when education started to become a more important aspect of civilization. Efforts of the ancient Greek and Chinese societies focused primarily on the education of males. In ancient Rome, the availability of education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men.The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged classes prevailed through and through the Reformation period. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coeducation grew much more widely accepted. In Great Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, the education of girls and boys in the aforementioned(prenominal) classes became an approved practice. In the 16th century, at the Council of Trent, the Roman Catholic church reinforced the establishment of free mere(a) schools for children of all classes.The concept of universal elementary education, regardless of sex, had been created. 2 After the Reformation, coeducation was introduced in western Europe, when certain Protestant groups urged that boys and girls should be taught to read the Bible. The practice became very popular in northern England, Scotland, and colonial refreshful England, where young children, both male and female, attended dame schools. In the late 18th century, girls gradually were admitted to town schools.The Society of Friends in England, as well as in the United States, pioneered coeducation as they did universal education, and in Quaker settlements in the British colonies, boys and girls commonly attended school together. The new free public elementary, or common schools, which after the American Revolution supplanted church institutions, were almost always coeducational, and by 1900 most public high schools were coeducational as well. 3The early trium ph and achievement of women at Oberlin College persuaded many early womens rights leaders that coeducation would soon be accepted throughout the country. However, for quite a while, women sometimes suffered uncivil port from their male classmates. The prejudice of some male professors proved more unsettling. Many professors had disapproved of the admission of women into their classes, citing studies that stated that women were physically incapable of higher education, and some professors found it herculean to acknowledge womens presence once they were admitted.Even today, there have been books, studies, and other arguments claiming that women and men learn very differently from each other because of their sensation differences. One of these books is called Boys and Girls Learn Differently by Michael Gurian. 4 By the end of the 19th century, 70% of American colleges were coeducational. In the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learn that had been exclusively for peop le of one sex became coeducational.

Cool

Identify two situations in which people would be expected to use the service of process described in the passage and 6 summarize the main idea of the passage discuss reasons why the business described in the passage seems apt(predicate) to be a success. 8. Complete the exercise that follows. Writing in Chinese, use the space provided to narrate an incident or issue that you experienced as a student in high train or college.In your response you may include, but be not express mail to, the pursual information. When the incident or reddeningnt took place here the incident or event took place the circumstances in which the incident or event took place 7 9. estimate that a friend from a country associated with Chinese is considering enrolling in a postgraduate program at a college or university in the general area where you are currently living and has asked you to provide some information close the area in which you live. Write a letter in Chinese to your friend responding to this gather up for information.In your letter you must include, but are not limited to, the following topics 8 a brief description of some important features of the area in which you live (for example, climate, natural features, distribution of people, mix of population, regional differences within the state, cultural amenities, educational and medical facilities, recreational and entertainment options) and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of living and going to school in your area. 10. Read the instructions below.You get out have two minutes to study these instructions. Then, when you are told to do so, begin to respond in Mandarin. You may impart up to two minutes to complete your response. You will be told when the two minutes are up. You may begin stu death the instructions now. You will be told when to begin peaking. (The examine will read in the test booklet) Imagine that a friend from a country associated with Chinese has been offered a argumentation in a c ity near where you live, and asks your opinion on the pros and cons of living and working in your area.Speaking in Mandarin, discuss the advantages and but are not limited to, the following topics a brief description of some of the important features of the area in which you live (for recreational and entertainment options) and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of living and working in your area. (The examine will have two minutes to study the instructions above then two minutes to respond on audiotape. ) 9 11. Imagine that you are attending a summer institute at a university in a country associated with Chinese.You are asked to speak to a group of students some your previous college experiences. Speaking in Mandarin, describe a college or university you have attended. In your response you may include, but are not limited to, the following topics a description of a college or university you have attended an explanation of why you chose to attend that college or univer sity an analysis of what you liked and disliked about the college or university.CoolIce free northwest passage for half the year, flooded cities in Asia (Bengal), raciness, severe drought affecting food production, emergence of new deserts, and so on 4. ) How are warmer temperatures affecting the migration of crops? Champagne region of France is becoming too warm for traditional champagne grapes, so they are starting to grow them in England, along with olive trees. 5. ) What is involved in the degree Celsius footprint a common product much(prenominal) as a cheeseburger?All the energy consumed to sort out up the component parts of the cheeseburger and the greenhouse gases produced as a result= the feedstock for cattle, growing lettuce, wheat for bun, milking the cattle, processing milk for cheese, ND processing cattle for meat, transport (transporting) the various parts, keeping the meat cold, plus methane gas produced by the cattle 6. ) So, what is the carbon footprint off che eseburger in the US? 200 million metric unit tones, more than all the Subs In the united States 7. How might an Increase of DC affect the major planet? Rapid changes in the biosphere, especially marine life of the oceans, dying off of coral reefs, flooding of island states, melting of Grasslands glaciers, etc. 8. ) What significant ocean system could break mass that could magnify the heating system effect? Carbon decline provided by tiny sea creatures that absorb carbon dioxide from which they build their shells, but warmer water changes Its coldly which dissolves their shells and prevents them from forming new ones.This loss in turn will affect the marine life food change and loss of biodiversity. When the oceans can no longer absorb Carbon dioxide it will escape into the atmosphere adding to the levels of the atmosphere. 9. ) What Is a glacial Million and why are they so dangerous In terms of speeding up straight through to the bottom of the glacier creating a foil on which h uge asses of ice get propelled faster into the sea where it will melt and add its mass to ocean levels. 10. ) How much would the melted Greenland Ice written report raise sea levels by? M which would flood London, Bangkok, New York Shanghai, etc. 1 1 . ) In what way is the melting of Arctic Ice such a concern and a potential runaway train? Lack of ice means more sunlight can be absorbed by the oceans which in means less heat is reflected back into space, creating even more heat and more melting The warmer it gets the faster it gets warmer. 12. ) How much warmer does it eve to get before we are arguably at a tipping point of climate change? ICC 13. ) What major changes will a ICC warming cause for the planet?Arctic is ice free all summer, Amazon rainforests dries out, snow caps on the Alps disappear, El Onions extreme weather becomes normal, heat waves would be the norm, temperatures in europium would more like what is currently typical of the middle east, etc. 14. ) What was the f irst global warming disaster to affect a wealthy nation in 2003 and what was the impact? A heat wave across Europe that killed 30 000 people, over 14 000 of them in France over a period of a few weeks. On August 10th alone, 2500 to 3000 people died, mostly elderly. 15. What else happened during the 2003 headwater that was an indication of another unforeseen side affect of warming? Trees and other vegetation started to release carbon dioxide instead of being able to absorb it as photosynthesis broke down. 16. ) What ominous changes occurred in the Amazon river basin in 2005? Tributaries dried up, forest fires spread and killed largish quantities of trees needed to produce rainfall, therefore making conditions drier. 17. ) What conditions are common to El Ion patterns and how might a ICC warmer limited be affected by them? quite a little winds and ocean currents move east instead of west across the Pacific bringing torrential rainstorms to South America and drought to Australia and Indonesia, with ICC warming this could mean even more energy to drive hurricanes whose fuel is warm ocean water. 18. ) What would the planet be like with a ICC average global warming? Delta areas, home to a billion people will be flooded, other areas will become deserts, west Antarctic ice would melt, major losses of fresh water such as the glacial source of the holy Ganges River in India. Compared to developed countries?Developing countries like India, Indonesia, etc. Do not necessarily have the billions of dollars that would be needed to invest in hydrophilic dams like developed countries such as England has. 20. ) How many refugees might there be with warming of ICC? Asss of millions of climate refugees. 21 . ) What would the consequences of an average global warming of ICC be? There could be mass extinctions, ocean wastelands, massive desertification on land, a global catastrophe 22. ) What is ironic about our current global warming crisis due to the burning of fossil fuels, giv en the Earths past history?The last major mass extinction occurred due to global warming, whereby the earth corrected its climate imbalance by the killing off of mass quantities of life that were then buried by eroded material. This corrected the abundance of CO levels in the atmosphere by sinking them. The irony is that we have extracted them now as our sources of fossil fuels, and are releasing that stored carbon into the atmosphere as we burn them for energy, creating a previous cycle that led to mass extinction. 23. ) What are some practical changes we must make in order to prevent warming of this scale?Reducing the use of energy that uses fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases, use energy more efficiently, such as unplugging appliances to avoid wasted lamia energy draws, doubling fuel efficiency of vehicles, using solar power, wind power, tidal power, geothermal energy, etc. Starting now 24. ) How much time do scientists believe we have to avoid going over the tipping poin t into accelerated global warming and climate change? As little as 10 years 25. ) Make a commitment what 5 things can you commit to changing in your lifestyle to reduce your ecological footprint and cut down on energy consumption? Answers will vary. Discuss.

Indigenous Communities In Australia Health Health And Social Care Essay

Autochthonal communities in Australia argon those communities that are said be the original dwellers of the Australian true and the adjacent Islands. They are referred to as either Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and do up merely 2.7 % of the Australian population. This community has diverse sub kinfolk each exposing alone imposts, linguistic communication and civilization.Although the autochthonal community has lived longest in Australia, they are said to be the group that least enjoys proper health attention. The life anticipation among this group is 59.4 for work forces and 64.8 for work forces while maternal and child wellness attention bing in this community reflect that of the remainder of Australia during the 1920s.Although pander mortality has improved it is non the same as that reflected by remainder of Australia ( Barraclough, Gardener 50 ) .The greatest factor other than political relations that has been blamed for slimy supplying of wellness attention to the A borigines is pagan chasm between the service supplier and the consumer. One must retrieve that the natives hold tight to their civilizations and their perceptual experiences on checkup examination conditions are advised by their cultural beliefs. Traditional Aboriginal wellness theoretical accounts are determined by their dreaming patterns. Such theoretical accounts are holistic and both physical and mental unwellnesss are penned to the evildoing of any facet of jurisprudence. There forward those medical practitioneers who does non understand the beliefs of his Aboriginal patients might forbear up being uneffective in their workAlthough the Australian authorities has for old ages attempted to supply better attention to the autochthonal community, it was nt until 1995 that a blade of autochthonal wellness workers was formed in order to excite wellness attention activities. This web whose formation was facilitated by the Australian Centre for Health furtherance helped in pl acing the preparation solicits for those medical practitioneers working among the autochthonal communities and proviso of informed serve to this community ( Funell, Koutoukidis and Lawrence117-119 ) .Through the Frame work for Aboriginal and Torres Island Health federation , the Australian authorities has made a committedness to portion duties with the Aboriginal wellness practicians, provide long term support, just entree to wellness attention, and proviso of mainstream services that contribute to the forward motion of Aboriginal wellness. It has besides committed itself towards the proviso of financess that are equal to the autochthonal people wellness jobs, credence of autochthonal services where mainstream wellness attention is unequal, better coordination of medicine activities among the Aborigines and the development of a proper information base to be used in supervising the wellness processes among this communities. contempt the authorities committedness, the Aborigin al societal constructions and autochthonal cognition and constructs is non clearly articulated in the Australian Policy on autochthonal wellness. The success of nurses within the wellness heavens w trouble depend on a model guided by recognition of diversenesss, regard and trust.In kernel there forward, a assort from medical cognition for those working among the Aboriginals there is a demand for accent in accomplishments on development of trust, better communicating accomplishments advised from the civilization of the autochthonal people, misgiving of 1s civilization and its differences with others, dialogue for patient s information and understanding how civilization daze works. This attack will assist contend cases racial favoritism in infirmary where any(prenominal) nurses are treated incorrect by the patients or their co-workers due to different racial beginnings.The autochthonal wellness enterprises overhear led to writing of webs and partnerships and diverse methods of co nveying wellness publicity information. It has besides included input from the autochthonal communities in planning and execution of wellness plans and in preparation and product of resources needed for improved health care to this group. However there is a demand for a plan that will increase interaction with mainstream wellness field for unvarying proviso of medical services.Report 2 Health and illness issues related to immigrantsHarmonizing to the ABS study of 1989 1 in every five Aussies was an immigrant. exactly the phenomenon is super C in this continent which has welcomed Anglo-Celtic immigrant since 1788.Recently though there has been an inflow of immigrants from Asiatic and other European states. These Asians migrators and others who grant troubles seting to the Australian manner of life are normally referred to as cultural immigrant . These people come from really different civilizations from that of Australians and their cultural perceptual experience has challeng ed the wellness sector in their intervention.The above challenges stem from hard in interaction with these cultural communities due to their cultural backgrounds and a concern with the happening of diseases particularly mental 1s among the refugee population. Studies into mental morbidity among the refugees has led to combative consequences since it depends on the psychiatrist diagnosing of the status and the challenge of depending on an translator. Surveies might wrongly attach incidences of mental unwellness to a certain cultural group yet some of theses happenings may hold been brought upon non by experiences at place but by the challenges of settling into a new society ( Lupton and Najman 145 ) .The complexness of understanding the wellness conditions of the immigrant population is farther explained by their societal economic stature. For case, in 1990 some of the 12000 Turks who migrated to Australia in the sixtiess were involved in a survey. More than half of the respondent c laimed to be ailing and claimed to hold nervus jobs. Despite the ego studies, most of the unwell did nt travel to the infirmary and those who visited Turkish head-shrinkers were given drugs without diagnosing. This survey found out that the members of the Turkish community had mental conditions because they came from a really different cultural background and had small or no occupation accomplishments and so they took up the most grievous occupations while most suffered from unemployment. Where alternate methods other than drugs were used to handle the psychiatric illnesses the jobs drastically reduced. This means that one has to understand the specific social-economic dynamic to manage a medical job among the immigrant communities in Australia ( Lupton and Najman 153 ) .Further, when managing medical instances among the immigrants, one must see the beliefs and patterns of an cultural group. Whatever the promotion in western medical specialty, impression of wellness attention are c ulturally variable. For case in Hong Kong rubeolas are considered by some groups non as a disease but as an inevitable, natural and needful happening yet the Australian wellness sector considers it unsafe. The immigrants are being educated on the right medical perceptual experiences. The appropriate behaviour of ill individuals besides varies among the migrator groups. For case, Greeks are really demonstrative with their hurting and refer to their ligament, musculuss and sinews as nervousnesss. Such a patient require a batch of attend and apprehension.The authorities has hence had the challenge of educating the immigrant groups in abandoning their common people theoretical accounts in order to accomplish effectual intervention. Never the less one must be careful to explicate the diversenesss in the western redress so as to avoid jobs where some groups like the Vietnamese believe so untold in the Western injection such that they do nt believe in the effectivity of other effectu al agencies like tablets.Despite the above cultural perceptual experiences among the immigrant there has been a conjunct attempt among medical practicians to understand them. There is a nevertheless a demand for cautiousness on how one uses the cultural information in disposal of medical attention.Report 3 Principles of best pattern, quality confidence and accreditation related to nursing and Australian wellness attention ashesThe traditional methods of quality confidence in the wellness sector focused on diagnosing and intervention of diseases and searched for error in wellness service bringing. But the recent decennaries occupy brought alterations in the Australian wellness system where best patterns are measured in footings of bar of diseases and publicity of good wellness. Such alterations have been inspired by the happening of a more knowing consumer who demands commensurate attention for his wellness jobs. It has besides been brought by the technological alterations taking topographic patch and statute law that favor better wellness attention.The demand for quality control in the wellness sector in Australia has been precedented by the consumer demand for quality services and it s the duty of the medical attention supplier to afford him that.In 1994, the Australian Council for Health Care Standards ( ACHS ) gave a statement called the shoot for Change . This documented indicate how the council was to map in the hereafter. In 1995-96, the council formed a squad that would confer with with the wellness attention sector on in development of a Quality Improvement plan ( EQuIP ) that would move as a usher to the proposed alterations. EQuIP set criterions for sanctioned medical criterions and by 1997 it had become a nationally and international accreditation programmed for Health bureaus in Australia.Accreditation by ACHS is concerned with a clinical reappraisal of direction and the consequences of wellness attention services. It besides gauges the u se capacities of disposal and all the sections supplying services. Based on study that is written after the study, a wellness attention supplier might have a ACHS accredition.But an organisation has to agitate into a certain standard before it gets the accreditation ( Funnell, Koutoudis and Lawrence 64 ) .ACHS criterions are famed for confer withing with and affecting the wellness attention sector in the development of their criterions. It covers infirmaries, nursing places, Day surgery units, community services and bureaus and any other wellness organisations. There are 900 infirmaries and wellness attention who had been authoritative to ACHS by 2007.The criterions addresses the issues of continuum in proviso of wellness attention and infrastructural criterions of the wellness attention system. The continuum aspect screen consumers needs runing from entree of wellness attention services, entry, appraisal, attention planning, proviso of attention, rating, separation and community attention while the substructure criterions, cover the major administrative maps.The Australian Medical system has farther embraced Continuous Quality betterment at work topographic point and it involves edifice of consciousness where the key clients and procedure involved are identified, the development of a general CQI plan that defines ends, deployment or execution of the plan and eventually full integrating of the system in the wellness attention sector ( Harris 397 ) .Changes in the Health attention system have encouraged medical professional like the nurses to originate a figure of wellness attention alterations since they are progressively going aware of the powerful part they can do in act uponing the restructuring of the wellness sector in Australia. Health attention statute law has given them the political dentition to align anteroom groups and exert force per unit area so that the alterations are antiphonal to the overall demands of the society. In add-on medical prof essional in Australia halt portion in clinical audits so as to mensurate the effectivity of their patterns. This audit patterns go on within the National Health Service and its an constituent(a) portion of clinical administration ( Courtney and Mc Cutcheon, 115 )In decision, the Australian wellness attention has been motivated by intelligent client and the handiness of resources to run into the present and future wellness jobs in development of quality wellness attention system. However, the system give best consequences when the Health attention directors demonstrate to her stave that observation of quality is a demand demanded from all.Work CitedBarraclough, Simon and Gardner, Heather. Analyzing wellness policy a problem-oriented attack. Elsevier Australia, 2007.Courtney, Mary and McCutcheon, Helen. Using Evidence to Guide nursing pattern. Elsevier Australia, 2009Funnell, Rita. , Koutoukidis, Gabby and Lawrence Karen.Tabbner s Nursing Care Theory and Practice. Elsevier Australia , 2008.Harris, Mary G. Managing Health Services Concepts and Practice. Elsevier Australia, 2005Lupton Gillian M. and Najman Jakob M. Sociology of Health and Illness Australian Readings. Palgrave Macmillan Australia, 1995

Negro Speaks of Rivers Analysis

Proud to go for endured some of the most powerful challenges mankind has ever witnessed, he Negro spirit has grown finished time with its people. In Langston Hughess poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, the speaker uses devices such as anaphora and allusion to convey self-conceit in the Negro spirit. The anaphora present in the poem is seen in phrases such as, I bathed, I built, I looked, and I heard . Each of these phrases has a declarative feeling, in which the speaker is strongly affirming that he, himself, has performed the actions.They regulate events in history, which give the Negro spirit its sense of valiance and pride. When the speaker proclaims, I looked upon the Congo and raise the pyramids above it, he is alluding to his ancestors past experiences as slaves. In which they lived in harsh conditions, and performed demanding tasks such as expression the pyramids. After this, the Negro spirit reminisces a time when Abraham Lincoln sailed down the Mississippi by recalling, Ive seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset.With the use of this allusion, the spirit mentions how the heavy work throughout history has paid off, and that it is something to be proud of. The spirit has known ancient dusky rivers, in which African ancestors have lived as slaves, been mistreated and had to earn their freedom. The Negro spirit is proud of his honorable acts, in which he rose from deep within the dusky rivers and climbed his way to a golden sunset.

The Roles of Identity in Society

The Roles of Identity in Society Many would argue that societal justice is existence served when someone says we atomic number 18 totally the like under the skin. We are non all the same under the skin. Within us are our own senses of identity element, constructed by our familiar discourses, the physical environment and its insert culture, and our individual differences. Our sense of identity accounts for our perceptions of ourselves and how we are positioned by others in terms of culture, tradition, rituals, race, family, religion and reproduction (Allen, 2004).Our identities go our sp businessliness chances through our positions in cabaret, the access we have to power, status, instruction, and wealth (Allen, 2004). Examining our own identities gives us insight into the section identity plays in sustenance and society and therefore some guessing of the impact that the identities of others has for them on their flavor choices (Austin, 2005). This essay will examine th e importance of the search for identity, and the desire to reconcile those identities with societys expectations, for the fibber in the novel by McDonald and Pryor (1999), The Binna Binna Man.The journey of this character will be positioned against my own lifes story as I attempt to compare the roles our identities have played in posture us as members of Australian society. The narrator in The Binna Binna Man is a character who has a genuinely secure sense of his own identity. He has a sound knowledge of his spiritual heritage, his peoples traditions and the importance the strength of his identity has for him and for his people. He run throughms perplexed by the idea that his cousin Shandell is living different from all that stuff (McDonald & Pryor, 1999, pg 17).He is reminded by his girragundji (a guide for life sent by his ancestors) that the way to deposit self-coloured and avoid choketing lost is to have faith in his spirituality and his identity (McDonald, et al. , 1999 ). This is proven to him when he almost follows Shandell see the path to self-destruction. The Binna Binna Man, their beliefs, bring them both back to the strength they gain from knowing that they are Aboriginal Australians, with a wealth of culture, history, knowledge, and skills. Un rose-cheekedly their people bear the scars of that wealth being fast and misunderstood by the Anglo Australian hegemonic society.This is demonstrated through the sadness they carry and the way they feel how more of their people they have lost. The narrator and his family have to scrape together the means to travel out of the companionship they live in to be adapted to participate in their heathenish rituals of grief and burial because they are not traditions easily accessible to them in Australian society. The narrator does not carry around the nonvisual knapsack of rights and power described by McIntosh (1988) that gives him access to the ability to carry out the roles of his identity.Rather, he realizes the trial he has ahead of him, to keep the strength of his identity and to be able to survive life and society with it proudly intact. He can see the strength of his people, but he can also see their struggle (McDonald et al, 1999). As noted in McDonald (2004) Australian Indigenous youth battle on a daily basis with the pressures their identities generate such as racism, poverty, the hegemonic culture of school, and having English as a sulfur nomenclature, while move to keep on the roles expected of them from their Indigenous cultures.It is an enormously demanding and frustrating battle for these youth to get through their daily lives intact, let alone being able to achieve well in every world. The narrator is struggling with his identity as an Aboriginal youth in Australian society and is trying to emerge from a history of oppression and denial. He has not inherited wealth from his parents or the amicable and cultural capital necessary to be able to identify with the hidden curriculum of the education agreement (Allen, 2004).His family has only relatively recently emerged from a period of oppression under The Aboriginal Protection and bulwark of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Genever, 1992) where the Indigenous people of Australia were denied, by the Australian Government, the right to own anything, freedom of movement, the right to practice their cultural traditions, or the right to the education required to participate as responsible citizens (Genever, 1992).He is caught in Australian society, within his cultural boundaries (the objective presence of cultural difference) as discussed in McDonalds paper on Forms of Social Justice (2004). In no way is he served by favorable justice by being given the same chances I was, under the pretext of treating us all the same, as though we function a common identity. The development of my identity has benefited from what McIntosh (1988) terms unearned privilege. The life choices and chances I have, I have inherited, not struggled or worked for.I am fortunate to have a very strong family support structure within my immediate family and my extended family. Traditionally, as a family, we celebrate birthdays, special events and seek advice from one another as needed. There is a strong sense of respect for elders in my family and the younger generation bears responsibility for their well-being. Predominantly, my family follows the Catholic religion and my jimmys and beliefs ruminate this. Consequently, I have developed a strong sense of self worth through the submit of my family and their cultural practices.I am a third generation Australian. My family was middle class and although not overly wealthy in terms of material belongings I can see that my life was gamy in opportunities and choices that the narrator was not afforded. I was born into an environment that set me up to be able to make it at school. English is my first language and I speak it well enough to succeed at schoo l and to be accepted into university. I am immersed in a society where the traditions, customs, practices and language of my heritage surround me and dominate all other identities.The practices and language used by my family were consistent with those of the schools I attended, where the autonomy and independence encouraged in Indigenous children like the narrator may have been misinterpreted and vitiated as neglect (Malin, 1990). I did, however, experience a brief time in my schooling that calibre a stark contrast to that described above. When I was nine years old, I attended a school in Hawaii for twelve months and for the first time in my life was part of a minority group where my language, culture and experiences were not valued by the students or the teacher.I was never asked to share anything about myself or my life in Australia and was the victim of some ridicule from my peers because I lacked knowledge of, and a skill for playing, baseball. I was subjected to racist remark s about the colour of my skin and was never supported or rightfully even acknowledged by my teacher. As a class, we were required to write a paper lucubrate the history of American presidents which I found extremely difficult. The exercise held no meaning for me and I was ineffective to connect with it on the same level that my American peers did.My developing experience as a pre-service teacher now allows me to see the value that would have come from the teacher asking me to write my paper on the history of Australian Prime Ministers, and to share that with my teacher and the class. This would have been an opportunity for the teacher to encourage a rich, authentic learning experience for me and for my American classmates a sharing and valuing of knowledge and cultures and an opportunity to break down some of the cultural barriers that were present within the classroom and the school.I strongly believe that education is the fundamental to success in society and that teachers ho ld powerful positions with regard to recognizing and valuing the diverse groups in their classrooms. My development as a pre-service teacher depends on an ongoing commitment to value and support every student in my classroom by understanding their cultures and how their identities shift and change, have different importance amongst peers, family, and the community. I will advance to make myself aware of the role identity plays in shaping our self perceptions and, therefore, our life chances.The education ashes has, in the past, failed certain groups and continues to reproduce social disparities, prejudices, conditioning and spirals of failure for these groups (Keefe & Carrington, 2007). As teachers, we should not see the cultural differences of our students as excuses or reasons for students to fail. Rather, we need to adapt our teaching practices and find ways to give them access to education and opportunities. Students need to be taught to view the world, themselves and others c ritically in order to recognize and discontinue the perpetuation of social inequities in education and other institutions.If teachers can work towards identifying the inadequacies in teacher service, they begin to address the postulate of disadvantaged groups ensuring equitable access to education, as is every students right. As I tog out my own child and instill in him the same practices, language and culture as my family did for me, I am aware I am equipping him with that invisible knapsack that McIntosh (1988) writes about. I am aware that I am sending him out into a world where he does not have to carry his identity around with him like a weight around his neck, restricting him access to education, his choices, his rights and responsibilities.I do expect however as I continue to grow and learn, that I instill in him the ability to understand identity and what that means for him and for others. As he grows and learns he will understand that if he were to be handle the same as many of the minority groups he lives amongst, that he too would have to struggle to maintain his identity, just like the narrator. I know that his identity will provide him with more than his share of opportunities and choices. It is draw in that various cultural and traditional factors shape our unique identities.Teachers have a responsibility to recognize and value the diverse backgrounds, experiences, and knowledge that their students bring to the classroom, and to consider that pedagogies incorporate a variety of styles to cater for this diversity. Researching this topic and reflecting on my own experiences has been a valuable exercise that will influence my teaching philosophy and the way I view identity and diversity. Compiling this essay brought back virtually forgotten memories of events I myself encountered during my schooling when I experienced a situation akin to those described by the narrator.I strongly believe that our education system must implement inclusive curri culum programs that value all cultural identities. This will ensure that all students receive educational opportunities and the chance to develop self respect and positive dispositions towards learning, thus enhancing life chances and empowering them to succeed. . References Allen, J. (2004). Sociology of statement Possibilities and Practices. (3rd Ed). Southbank, VIC Social Science Press. Austin, J. (Ed. ). (2005). Culture and Identity (2nd ed. , pp 139-154).Sydney Pearson Education Australia. Genever, T. (1992). Black and Blue. Aboriginal-Police Relations in farthest North Queensland During The Currency of The Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1893 1939. Unpublished Honours Thesis, JCU, Tsv. Keefe, M. , & Carrington, S. (Eds. ). (2007). Schools and Diversity (2nd ed. , pp 108 127). Sydney Pearson Education Australia. McDonald, H. , (2004). Forms of social justice. Notes prepared for teacher education students. Townsville James bring in University . McDonald, H. , (2004).Supporting Indigenous students as smart, not good knowers and learners The practices of two teachers. Paper adapted for exclusive use of students enrolled in ED2990 and ED3290 at James Cook University. McDonald, M. , & Pryor, B. M. , (1999). The binna binna man. Crows Nest. NSW Allen & Unwin. McIntosh, P. (1988). White privilege unpacking the invisible knapsack. Available from http//seamonkey. ed. asu. edu/mcisaac/emc598ge/Unpacking. html (Accessed 17 September 2008). Malin , M. (1990). Why is life so hard for Aboriginal students in urban classrooms? The Aboriginal Child at School, 18 (1), 9-29.

DHCP

ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT social class EMP-5116 Issues in the Management and Operation of Communication Prep argond by Student Number Submitted To KAMRUL KHAN 7025417 Dr. Serban Gheorghe full term Report (FALL 2012) December 13, 2012The main(prenominal) purpose of using DHCP is to assign unique IP address to the computers in a network. This protocol is widely used by the ISPs to let their customers join the internet with less effort. It is withal used by the enterprises to reduce workload and simplify the network pick offment. (1) (2) 1. 1 History of DHCP Before DHCP was veritable a protocol named Bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) was developed for similar functionality as DHCP. Later in 1993, DHCP was introduced for the branch meter with the re ingest of RFC 1531 as an extension to the BOOTP.The main reason behind extending BOOTP was that manual intervention was essential to add anatomy information for each lymph node. Further more than, BOOTP had no mechanism to reclaim disused I P addresses. in spite of appearance a short period of time, DHCP became popular among the IT community. In 1997 another update of DHCP was re subscribe tod through RFC 2131. RFC 3315 delineate the DHCPv6 specification. RFC 3633 was released with a prefix delegation mechanism for DHCPv6. RFC 3736 mechanism to provide configuration information to thickenings con come ind using unsettled address auto configuration was added as an extension. (1) 1. A brief overview A database of visible(prenominal) IP addresses and configuration information is maintained by the DHCP innkeeper. When a guest requests the DHCP boniface for configuration information, the DHCP server checks the subnet in which DHCP lymph gland is connected, and and then sends back the knob with appropriate configuration information. 2 Typically IP addresses distributed to leaf nodes be assign for limited time interval by the server. DHCP clients be responsible for re newfounding their IP address ahead that interval has expired. If they are unable to renew it by the expiration interval, they must stop using the address.Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported by DHCP. Even if a client does not use DHCP for acquiring IP address, it give the axe still be used to obtain other configuration information. (1) 2 2. 1 DHCP and Its operation DHCP Protocol Overview The major comp starnt of DHCP is the DHCP server and clients. Basic task of server is to assign IP address to the clients. The DHCP client makes a request to a DHCP server that may or may reside on different subnet. The server distributes IP address, subnet mask and default gateway to a host. Other configuration parameters such as name servers and netbios configuration can also be included.The IP subsidisation process is called binding or lease. The word lease is used as the client leases an IP address for a finicky amount of time. This implies, after a legitimate period of time client must relinquish the IP address. The DHCP client side works combining six basic earths. These states are Initializing Selecting Requesting Binding Renewing Rebinding These states leave behind be discussed in details in the next chapters of this paper. (3) 3 2. 2 DHCP Lease As discussed before DHCP lease is the process of associating IP address and client.The address leased by the client expires after certain period of time. Two timers are maintained by the client to manage this expiration process. Which are, 1. Renewing time T1 2. Rebinding Time T2 Renewing time T1 means the client pass on get a new lease from a server. Rebinding is the extension of lease. Typically renewing time is set to half of the renewing time. (4) 2. 3 DHCP Messages and node States DHCP has several subject matters for establishing server to client communications. All DHCP instruction or updates are carried through these messages.The basic messages defined for DHCP are, DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK, DHCPNAK, DHCPDECLINE, DHCPRELEASE, and DHC PINFORM. All these messages are effectively used during different states of DHCP. Purpose and flow of these messages in different DHCP states are discussed in the following sections. (4) 2. 3. 1 INIT The client tries to amaze a DHCP server by bountifulcasting DHCPDISCOVER message. It transitions to the SELECTING state. The server sends DHCPOFFER back to the client which is basically the choice of address and other parameters for the client. (5) 2. 3. 2 SELECTINGIn this state, client waits for DHCPOFFER message from any server. It selects the preferred straits and declares the selection by move the DHCPREQUEST message. It transitions to the REQUESTING state. (5) 4 2. 3. 3 REQUESTING After sending the DHCPOFFER the client waits for the response from the server. Three different situations can occur. First, the most expected situation that, the server sends the betrothal of the request sent through DHCPACK. The client the starts the T1 and T2 timers and moves to the Bound state. S econd, if the forwardly sent offer is no more available the server ill send a DHCPNAK message to abjure the DHCPREQUEST. In this situation the client must return to the INIT state and start from the beginning. Third, server may send acceptance through DHCPACK however, the offer is no more acceptable to the client. Typically, this happens if the client finds the offered address is already been used somewhere else in the network. In this case client sends a DHCPDECLINE message and moves to the INIT state to start over. (4) 2. 3. 4 BOUND If lease assignment is successful the client goes to BOUND state. After timer T1 is expired the client sends a new DHCPREQUEST and moves to alteration state.4) 2. 3. 5 reviving In this state client tries to extend of its lease by sending new DHCPREQUEST to the same server it took the lease from. Again iii situations may be observed. First, the server may deny the request through DHCPNAK message. The client must return to INIT state and start from beginning in this situation. Second, if client does not get response from server, it will broadcast DHCPREQUEST after T2 is expired and move to the REINDING state. Third, server current the new request with the DHCPACK and the lease is extended. The client will again move back to BOUND state in this situation. 4) 5 2. 3. 6 REBINDING As discussed earlier, client moves to REBINDING state if T2 get expired in RENEWING state. Here, if client may get a DHCPACK response from the server if the request is approved. The client will then return to BOUND state extending the lease. Otherwise, the client gets a DHCPNAK response which indicates the refusal of request. In this case the client involve to move to the INIT state to start from beginning. (4) 2. 3. 7 INIT-REBOOT This state is for special case. If a client can find its previous DHCP configuration right after starting up, it moves to special INIT-REBOOT state.It sends a DHCPREQUEST message immediately from where it got the previous lea se requesting to use the same old address and moves to the REBOOTING state. (4) 2. 3. 8 REBOOTING In REBOOTING state, client requests the server for allowing the client to continue with the previous address. Here, again two situations may occur. First, server may accept and send DHCPACK. knob will then reset timer T1 and T2 and continue with the previous address. Second, client may get a DHCPNAK message indicating the refusal of the request. Typically this kind of situation occurs when the client is turned off for very long time.The server may assign the address to other client. And as usual the only way left for the client is to go back to the INIT state and start from the beginning. (4) 2. 4 The bounded Client State Machine Finite State Machine (FSM) is a tool or method to describe a protocol. The behavior of a protocol is described by showing all the different states a device can be in, all possible transitions between individual states, events that cause transitions, and the a ctions that are performed as a response of an event. 6 The FSM can be used to describe the lease life cycle from the perspective of a DHCP client.The client begins its life cycle from the initial INIT state when no lease is acquired. It then travels through different states like, renews, rebinds and/or releases its IP address. The whole process can be described graphically using the FSM method. The below figure describe the FSM of DHCP client. (5) Figure 1 DHCP Client Finite State Machine 7 3 DCHP master of ceremonies Vendors and grocery store Overview The ever increasing number of IP devices (Network endpoints, IP telephones, realistic servers, etc. ) is the main emergent factor of IP management and DCHP server commercialise ontogeny.In the past, the network admins had very limited options to piece up a DHCP/DNS solution. Sometimes, they used to write their own codes to manage DHCP/DNS in their network. However, now many traffickers piss come up with DHCP/DNS solutions. Th e integrated DNS/DHCP toilet facilitybased offerings are proved to be more attractive to the consumers. (6) 3. 1 invest Market Statistics According to the fresh statistics, DHCP solutions along with DNS and IPAM (DDI) have been showing more than 20% consistent growth starting from 2009. In 2011, DDI market had an increment of 36% by generating $290 million.It is estimated that, by the end of 2012, the market will increase to $380 million with an increment of 29%. According to the statistics mentioned above it can clearly be tell that, the DDI market is promising and growing. (7) 3. 2 Market Segments In general, DDI( DNS, DHCP and IPAM) solutions can be categorized in three major segments, bundled offerings, overlay management solutions and managed services. These segments are described in the following sections. (7) 3. 2. 1 Bundled Offerings Bounded offerings are the fastest growing in DDI market. In bundled offerings, the DHCP and DNS services share an integrated database.Altho ugh, physical appliance forms are the dominating factor of bundled offerings, software package or virtual services are also available. (7) 3. 2. 2 brood Management Solutions Overlay management solutions are free DHCP or DNS services. It is easier to deploy as it does not desire replacement of DHCP/DNS infrastructure or integration with existing DNS server. It can add management capability to DNS or DHCP and IPAM functionality. (7) 8 3. 2. 3 Managed Services Managed service market is smaller comparing to other segments. According to recent statistics it is around 10% of the total spending of DDI solutions. 7) 3. 3 DDI Vendors Though DDI market is growing, some giant DDI vendors quit with their products due to slow revenue and other factors like increasing popularity of appliance based offerings. For example, Nortel used to be one of the market leaders in the field of DDI. However, they decided to discontinue their IP Address welkin Manager from the beginning of 2008. On the othe r hand, Infoblox and BlueCat are getting more popular with their integrated DNS/DHCP appliance based offerings. There are couple of free DHCP solutions available in the market.Among them, the Internet computer software pool should be mentioned in the first place. Other than that the CMU DHCP server is also very popular (4). However, considering the market scopes and market segments it was found the commercial solutions are more promising. Therefore, in this report only the commercial solutions are curtly described. According to recent market analysis, seven companies were found to be prominent. Their overall rating based on product/service, customer feedback and business strategy is given in the chart below. (7) Figure 2 Market Scope for DDI Source Gartner, April 2012 9 3. . 1 Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent developed their DDI solution VitalQIP back in 1998. It has flexible deployment options with broad overlay solutions. The solution is highly capable with large enterprise networ k. However, some common features like the DHCP lease history is missing in VitalQIP. This can be considered as major drawback. (7) 3. 3. 2 BlueCat Networks BlueCat is a DDI pure-play vendor based on Toronto, Canada. They offer Adion family of integrated DNS and DHCP which can be used as an overlay to manage windows DNS and DHCP. It has strong network discovery and endpoint mapping ability. 7) 3. 3. 3 BT Diamond Diamond IP was released on 2007 by British Telecom. It is a highly scalable product. It is available through software, appliance or for virtual environment (VMWare).Diamond IP is present in all three market segment discussed before Bundled offerings, overlay and managed services. (7) 3. 3. 4 EfficientIP EfficientIP is another pure-play DDI vendor based on France. They provide solutions as bundled or overlay. The main feature of EfficientIP is its template based architecture functionality which makes it very easy to automate the configuration and management of DNS/DHCP servers . 7) 3. 3. 5 InfoBlox InfoBlox is a California based company founded on 1999. They sell integrated DHCP/DNS solutions and overlay solutions for Microsoft Windows DHCP. Their solutions are available through appliance and virtual VMWare environment. One of the main features of InfoBlox is its grid functionality which makes the operation and management easier. (7) 10 3. 3. 6 Men & Mice Men &Mice is a Iceland based company founded at 1990. They do not sell any integrated DNS/DHCP appliance. They only sell software based overlay solutions for managing DNS/DHCP services from other vendors. 7) 3. 3. 7 Nixu Software A Finland based company founded on 1988. The DDI components of Nixu software are only available as software appliance. (7) 4 4. 1 Case Study TYROLIT Delivers Resilient DNS and DHCP with BlueCat Networks Background TYROLIT is an Austria based company founded in 1919. It is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of grinding, cutting, drilling dressing tools and machines for the c onstruction industry. TYROLIT has base in 12 different countries with 4,500 employees at 27 occupation locations. TYROLIT has a

Reaction Paper on Crazy by

Ha air Pham PSYCH 252 02/17/2012 Reaction Paper 1 on Crazy When talking about prison, i usually thinks of two kinds of stack, the guards and the prisoners. But nowadays, when 16% of inmates take a crap serious and persistent mental illness, it is non surprising to celebrate psychiatrists working in prisons. The Miami-Dade County Pretrial Detention Center mentioned in Crazy was non an exception. On the one-ninth for of Miami jailhouse, we found mentally ill prisoners, guards, Dr. Poitier who was the chief psychiatrist of the jail, and the nurses.The medical ply and the prison officers hold arctic viewpoints about how the inmates should be treated. The great conflicts and complications between the fairishice system and the mental health system had do the job of the psychiatrists in prisons across the United States an extremely difficult task. Dr. Poitier and nurses on the ninth floor of Miami jail worked daily in a very unhygienic condition The air in C fly stinks. It is a putrefied scent, a blending of urine expectorant, persperition, excrement, blood, flatulence, and dried and discarded jailhouse food.When the jails antediluvian air conditioning breaks down during the summer, which it often does, some officers claim C wings tap wall actually sweats. Its decades of filth and grime bubbling up, rising through coat of paint. I wonder how one could be expected to live, let alone work in a condition as such(prenominal). Under such horrible conditions, I wonder how effective the doctors were doing their job. And even if they were essay to do the beat they could, I dont think the inmates conditions could get all better when they did not even get to live in basic living condition which has a standard direct of hygiene.If the states were paying for the psychiatrists to treat the inmates, the first thing they should have thought about was the working conditions of the doctors and the living conditions of the inmates because those play a key role in t he efficiency of ones job and the recovery of ones disorder. In addition to the poor working conditions, the medical staff were not treated easily by both the officers and the inmates. The nurses got screamed at, threatened, and humiliated. In Crazy, Earley told the incident of one nurse having a prisoner toss a cup of feces and urine at her.Nevertheless, the nurse did not quit the job for she understood that she could not take anything individualally at her work. Most of the nurses were women. Inmates frequently masturbated in front of them. They did not get any protection from such hazard because the state attorney thought that it was not a crime that was cost pursuing. Doctors and nurses saw inmates as patients, while officers saw them as prisoners. The officers (or correctional staff as referred to in Crazy) treated the inmates very badly when the doctors were not around.Due to the opinions that were at two extremes with each other, the efforts to protagonist the inmates by the medical staff turned out to be useless by the poor treatment that the inmates received from the officers. On a larger scale, the psychiatrists received very little to no facilitate from the state government. Whats more, they had to comply with the ridiculous, non-sense regularizations that were before constructed to protect the rights of the mentally ill. In Crazy, Dr. Poitier had no access to resources. The inmates were booked into jail without carrying their medical records.He had to prescribe music based largely on what the inmates told him. Plus, he had to follow the Miami-Dade County Public Health Trusts commandment to prescribe Risperdal first whenever possible rather than Zyprexa, which was much more expensive. He had no freedom to do his job even though he received sufficient psychiatric training, while those people at the health trust were only thinking about the so-called economic benefits. Civil right laws such as Baker Act prevented the doctors from forcing inma tes to take medication unless they posed an imminent danger or a threat. Dr.Poitier was very disappointed by the Act. He stated that A person who is a chronic schizoid doesnt have the full control over his thoughts. He cant make intellectual decision. If you release him untreated back into the community, you argonnt protecting his civil rights. Youre condemning him to stay tramp and a horrible life of suffering on the streets. The Baker Act was particularly complex when see it at different angles. For psychiatrists like Dr. Poitier, it hindered them from treating the inmates. They believed that the inmates were not mentally healthy enough to make ecisions about whether or not they wanted to to treated. On the contrary, public defenders and civil rights attorney felt that they had to protect the constitutional rights of the mentally ill. But what if what the mentally ill chose to do went against the wish of their loved ones, and negatively affected community. Acting unhinged is not a choice. The mentally ill didnt choose to be crazy. I couldnt help but wonder what exactly these attorneys were trying to protect here. Were they trying to say protect a choice that no one wished to make?But after all, I did not experience a mental illness, which would invalidate any opinions I would have about how a mentally ill person would feel or react. In the end, there was a price to everything. One could not expect to do a thing without having to face a trade-off. The decisions should be made in a way that benefited nigh people as it possibly could. Even though I was fully aware that the psychiatrists in the prisons were doing their best to help the inmates, I believed it was better if they understood the job that they were doing involved more parties than them and the inmates.In Crazy, Dr. Poitier pointed out that My first match is restoring this mans mental health. But that is not the first concern of the lawyers, or of the judge who leave alone be making this decis ion. This should be a medical matter, not a legal issue. I didnt think that was just a medical issue. Doctors alone would not be able to help the mentally ill without the swear of other forces. Where would they find the resources such as medication, facilities, accommodation to assist the patients without the regulation or policy that allowed them to do so? It was never one mans business.It took the cooperation of a tout ensemble system in order to effectively help the mentally ill who also happened to commit crime. in spite of innumerable difficulties and controversies involved in their jobs, the doctors and nurses were getting paid much less than the medical staff in mainstream hospitals. For example, the nurses on the ninth floor earned an average of $2,000 per year less then their counterparts in Miami hospitals. subprogram of the reason was because they were recent immigrants who had received their formal qualifications in a country other than the US.Working in the prick f or the mentally ill in a prison was certainly not their first choice nor their jiffy nor their third. It could be the only option that they had. However, they did not complain about their jobs. They did not go on strike. They did not sue the states for providing such little support. Instead, they were doing as much as they possible could to help the inmates. Dr. Poitier addressed inmates as Mr. to show them respect. He asked very common questions that a doctor usually asked a patient How are you feeling today? He was treating the inmates as patients who needed help, and did not care whether they were also criminals or not. For him, they were just very ill people who needed medical help. He once said Most mentally ill inmates do stupid things, not bad things. Dr. Poitier believed that the inmates on the ninth floor needed help that they would not get there. I wonder if he ever felt hopeless when he knew these people needed help, and he could give help, but those two things certainl y would not happen in the prison. The inmates were unavailing to understand that Dr.Poitier was trying to help them because of their dysfunction. Dr. Poitier was fully aware that he would not be able to do much to help the inmates because of messiness of the system and the daily conflicts between doctors and prison officers. They were stuck in a home where no one was better off. The question that baffled me the most was why they decided to stay at their jobs. There must have been something great and meaningful that made them almost irrationally continue their work. In Crazy, Dr. Poitier answered this question for me The inmates who end up here have been given up on.But some can and do get better. And thats the driving force that keeps me coming to work each day knowing I can make a difference. Knowing I do make a difference. Besides, if I didnt do this, who would? No matter how much trouble and confusion the job has brought, Dr. Poitier and the psychiatrists in general have mana ged to put their work ethics on top of everything else. Thanks to them, the mentally ill inmates get the support that keeps them through the days. Otherwise, the prison could actually become the hell hole on earth. It takes a lot of efforts in order to do good in any jobs.But for the psychiatrists in prisons across the United States, they have to go to extra lengths in order to help the mentally ill inmates. However, their efforts alone are never enough, every other force involved in the system has to do their best as well. In addition, it is importance that they all try to come to understand each others job and the reason slowly it so that they can make the whole system work for the inmates instead of the current climate when the mentally ill are stuck in the revolving doors of the jails and the hospitals.

Marketing principles for organizations

1. Marketing PhilosophyThe adoption of merchandising is nearly as old as humanity itself. Whenever there is a consumer demanding a intersection point or service and a supplier willing to supply such(prenominal) good, securities industry placeing is adopted. The interchange philosophy essentially entails the strategic organizational aim of determining needs and wants of selected marketplaces and providing goods and work that satisfy such wants in a more competent and rough-and-ready way than competitors. In the last decade several organizations started following such principle in order to endure in the market.For instance, McDonalds Corporation applies a strong merchandising druthers. They atomic digit 18 ever incisive on what the client wants and change their products and services accordingly. For example, McDonalds adopted the philosophy of QSC & V to appeal and retain clients. It stands for quality, service, cleanliness and value. They guarantee that clients enter a spotless clean restaurant and are served by tender personnel. Indeed employees are carefully thought the art of servicing clients in all regions across the world.Recently the aforesaid(prenominal) marketing concept has evolved to consider in any case the need of society. The societal marketing philosophy, as it is commonly known, comprises that apart(predicate) from determining the needs and wants of clientele in target markets and delivering goods and services that better than competitors, these goods and services are also provided in a way that abide the societys well-being.This is a challenging principle as one can note. However, some meticulous organizations are already following it. For example, when the tampered cyanide-laced capsules of Tylenol were marketed by Johnson & Johnson and terminate up killing a number of persons, the company immediately collected back all the incorrect goods, even though the corporation supposed that the pills had been altered only in a few r etail shops. Although the collection expenses amounted to $240 million, the company managed to keep customers confidence and loyalty on the products offered, leading such good to outride a leading pain reliever in its market.1.1 Need for market researchAs one can note, to successfully adopt an effective marketing orientation, it is all important(p) that managers are fully aware of the customers needs and wants. To further commingle the issue, todays markets are extremely dynamic and susceptible to change. For example, car manufacturers are extremely keen on customer tastes in order to produce vehicles in line with such wants. Therefore solicitude is required to be constantly on the alert of what the client is demanding. The effectiveness of marketing intelligence systems to support such cultivation is weak. The need thus arose of obtaining information directly from the market with marketing research.The marketing research process consists of the following four steps Defining the problem and research objectives market worry and researchers define thoroughly the problem at hand and the research objectives that can aid in puzzle out such issue. Developing the research plan the information needed is determined at this stage. Researchers will because seek the secondary data already available and how the primary data can be obtained. primordial market data can be achieved through a variety of marketing research mediums available, such as experimental research, observational research and more. Implementing the research plan once the methods of collecting information are set, the collection of such information commences in this stage together with the processing and analyzing of such information gathered. interpreting and Reporting the findings the last but not least step is the interpretation of the date collected and presented together with with valid conclusions.Marketing research is a very expensive business operation, which sometimes may amount t o millions of dollars. However, the information derived is very valuable to the organization and can aid management in good decisions to be a market leader. A typical example that comes to mind is the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) venture in the Nipponese market.Such market seems impenetrable by many American and European organizations. The non-tariff barriers, the iron grip of the keiretsu kigyi (banking groups), and the committed Japanese workforce make it very complex for an outside firm to infiltrate their market. KFC, yet, was capable to enter this market and is actually performing better than the United States Market. As a matter of fact, in the 90s the 1,470 Asian outlets gross revenue averaged 60% more than the United States average.Through vigilant marketing research the KFC management, comprehended that in large Asian cities there is an increasing absorption of young middle-class workforce with growing income who are eager to hold further for American-style restaurants. T his exposed the viability of the project to KFC managers. Market research also brought to KFC attention that the number of Asian women in the labour force is increasing considerably, who has a smaller amount of time for food preparation at home and consequently the need for fast-food restaurants in Asia is increasing. With this information KFC management instantaneously recognised the strategic window of opportunity that is available and took appropriate action to operate fruitfully in that market.1.2 Marketing Mix ElementsThe marketing desegregate concept originated from Neil. H. Borden who suggests the utilization of the four main controllable variables of management to reach the marketing orientation approach. The marketing mix elements are the following Product there are three levels of products, which the organization should kick downstairs their products in, because customer attitude and response would be different under each category. These are augmented, actual and cent er products. In marketing, the product quality and features are not the only elements that form a good product. straightaways fierce competition demands that managers also focus on the product design apart from the ones previously mentioned. Nike, for example, employs 60 designers and issue 500 different footwear designs each year. Attention should also be order towards branding, product packaging and labeling. These are important features to attain market leadership.Every product or service marketed passes through a life, commonly known as product life cycle. These are product development stage, introduction, growth, due date and decline. The other marketing mix elements described below should be in line with the stage the product is in to ensure a proper market orientation. Price the price decision is also an important one. Management can choose from three main categories, being cost based pricing methods, market pricing methods and competition based pricing methods. The sele ction of the optimal price depends on internal and outdoor(a) variables. Internal factors affecting pricing decisions are marketing objectives, marketing-mix strategies, costs and organizational considerations. The external factors are market features and demand, competitors costs, prices and offers and other external factors like economic conditions. Distribution the distribution channels utilized should be effective in order to ensure that the product is delivered more effectively than competitors. There are different number of distribution channels used, like direct-marketing channel in which no intermediary levels are adopted, vertical marketing system and horizontal marketing system. Under the latter two intermediaries are used. Promotion the advancement mix is a very expensive but effective marketing mix element. It can for instance sustain a product brand. Promotion is also important to inform clients about the product or services offered especially at the introductory st age of a product/service. The mass-promotion tools available are advertising, sales promotion and public relations. These should be designed and implemented carefully to maximize their effectiveness. Likewise it is important that personal selling maintain the messages adopted in the promotion mix through the sales force behavior with clients.1.3 nett Thought Benefits of MarketingEven though marketing seems elaborate it is very fruitful for a firm. By understanding the customer we can reach the clients and sell our goods. Client retention and market leadership can also be attained with the aid of marketing. Failure to apply marketing to understand the client can be detrimental. . For instance, Disney make the fatal mistake of not separating European customers with American ones in the Euro Disney project.They originally designed a third estate similar to the American one, incorrectly neglecting the cultural differences that exist. For example, they adopted a policy of serving no a lcoholic beverage in the super acid. This was extremely unpleasant to such culture because in France wine is habitual for lunch and dinner. so the organization suffered $921 million losses in the first financial year, and had to rapidly change some aspects of the park in order to survive in the European market.ReferencesHartley R. (2000). Management Mistakes & Successes. Sixth Edition. New York John Wiley & Sons Inc.Hume S (1990). Advertising Age. McDonalds Fred Turner making all the right moves.Kotler P. Armstrong G. Saunders J. Wong V. (1999). Principles of Marketing. Second Edition. London Prentice Hall.