The Effects of Environmental Change Essay Example for Free

The set up of Environmental Change EssayA changing environment burn down reserve legion(predicate) effects on our lives, being good or bad. The environment can change as a resolving power of many things such as change over time, human intervention or natural disasters. Bushfires argon a very significant natural disaster. Bushfires change the environment when they discharge through forests and urban areas. They admit many effects before they occur such as the way we live and how we prepare for a bushfire, and then there are the after-effects of the destruction caused when a bushfire burns through an area. Living in a bushfire pr angiotensin-converting enzyme area requires us to change the way we live because we moldiness prepare our properties for protection against fires. Gutters must be kept clear and trees overhanging houses must be cut down. Many people similarly burn off around their land to save leaf litter and bark build-up. For many people animateness in the Hawk esbury area, these activities are a weekend routine, however, people living in urban areas dont need to murder this change to their lives because of the threat of bushfires.When a bushfire burns it releases huge amounts of smoke and ash into the air above and environ it. This thick, heavy haze pollutes the air to a major extent, making it hard to breath in, settling on rooves and in gutters of homes with water tanks, and can even effect the operation of engines as their air intake is compromised. Also, befoulment can be carried into many areas far from the actual blaze by the wind. This just multiplies the smoke unnatural area.Read moreEffect of Haze on EnvironmentBushfires are one of the most corrosive natural disasters in the world, they destroy everything in their paths, most that lies in the way of a bushfire is bushland however bushfires also destroy homes and other buildings such as sheds/garages. Once the fire is upon the owners property, there isnt really much that can be done to protect houses from burning. For anyone to lose their home to a bushfire would no doubt be one of the mostsignificant turning points of their life, having a major effect on many aspects of their life this instant and in the long term. In the recent fire disaster in California, a total of 2,125 homes were destruct (as of October 31 2003), including one whole town overnight Sydney Morning Herald.Although a rare effect on our lives, Fires are the cause of many deaths to humans and animals. Humans and animals stand no chance whatsoever against a bushfire, the only way that we can survive one is if we get out of its way. Many people have died trying to save their houses and possessions, creating an enormous effect on their families and friends.When and even before bushfires strike, they can have many effects on our lives, especially to many of us who live in rural areas of the Hawkesbury region.

ICAS Report Planning Template Essay Example for Free

ICAS Report Planning Template EssayABC Ltd supplies a complete scarper of carpets and article of furniture to the general public. ABC Ltd has over 75 nationwide high street shops in all study UK cities and many large towns. ABC Ltd to a fault has a 24/7 online shop which is on the headman office site in Aberdeen. Over the past seven years the company has grown steady and now has revenue of over 29 million. It employs around 400 full- prison term staff. Who argon the military controles major stakeholders (internal and external) and wherefore?Major stakeholders of the business could be anyone who has an interest in the business. The business is the sole supplier of a range of furniture. The relationship with this supplier is crucial to the success of the business due to the competitive advantage that it offers ABC.Accounts Department (PIC 1.1, 1.4)How vauntingly is the Accounts discussion section? What is the purpose of the visoring function? What type of organisational str ucture is there? Where does the accounts department get its breeding from? How does the accountsdepartment inter-relate with other departments within the business?At ABC Ltd the accounts department consists of the Finance Director, Company Accountant, common Ledger and Inventory Clerk, Accounts Payable Clerk, accounts receivable clerk, costing technician As well as payroll and staff office database clerk. The departments deal with the payments of invoices, comparing them to thepurchase orders and the stock receipts. They also monitor the stock and requirement for purchase orders.The department is also responsible for the credit control function, monitoring customers and the payment of the staff wages.In order to brook out these roles Accounts argon forced to inter flirt with the whole of the organisation to gather information.ABC use an account spackage which is fully integrated with the rest of the business softw be. The use an Enterprise Management System called PRONTO. This s oftware allows for multi user access which can be restricted based on job roles. Non accounts users can see, but non change essential monetary data, such as supplier and customer balances.Describe (in relation to the organisation) the 3 main monetary masterys Income statement, SOFP and mastery of Cashflow. (PIC What do they show? Who uses them? What decisions are made based on them?IncomeStatementSOFPStatement ofCashflowIncome statements adorn ABC Ltd profit or loss over a certain periods of time. The income statement records all revenue, losses and operating expenses for the business. The IS can be use to show profitability of thecompany. Income statements are used by stakeholders, company accountants, monetary directors andmanaging directors. The income statements compared with other income statements within ABC Ltd over a period of time orcompanies within the same sector will be able to determine the operating effect of ABC Ltd. Managers and the companyaccountant may be able to find out what areas of the business are over budget or under budget and make necessary changes.Statements of Financial Position (SOFP) illustrate a snap shot of the business financial condition. The SOFP includes the assets and liabilities of ABC Ltd. This is ia good indicator of the runniness of the business. This statement will again be used by stakeholders, company accountants, financial directors and managing directors. Managers and the company accountant may be able to quickly get a handle on the financial strength and capabilities of the business, its also demonstrates if ABC s assets is enough to stay on its liabilities, how liquid its assets are if ABC was to declare bankruptcy, if the business is in a position to expand etc.Statements of Cash flow illustrate the amount of gold generated and used by the business in a given period of time. Again this gives an indication of liquidity and working capital management. This statement will again be used by stakeholder s, companyaccountants, financial directors and managing directors. Managersand the company accountant may be able to determine whether the business has enough cash to cover payroll and other immediate expenses or liabilities, as well as allow potential lenders to root whether or not ABC Ltd is able to pay of its liabilities.What accounting regulations cover the preparation of the above financial statements? (PIC 2.1)In the UK, financial statements are governed by UKGAAP (UK Generally AcceptedAccounting Principles). They are also governed by the Companies Act What other accounting regulations and industry specific regulations does the company drive to comply with? Does the company have to deal with Money-Laundering regulations? Does the company come under Sarbanes-Oxley? (PIC 2.1)The company also has to comply with the data protection act as they hold customer and staff information. Non compliance with this act can have severe financial and reputational implications.They are also r equired to comply with any rules set out by HMRC when paying employees and also calculating the tax liability of the business. The company does not have to comply with Sarbanes Oxley as this only affects companies registered with the refreshed York Stock ExchangeWhen the company has to deal with a change to the above regulations how does it organise this? In what centering are system users affected by the change How do they get to find out astir(predicate) the change? (PIC 1.5)The Finance manger and HR manager monitor all regulations and alert the business when changes are made that will affect how the business operates. Changes are implemented by ensuring all staff are made aware of the change via internal communication methods. If need be employees are trained to go steady they fully understand the changes taking place.

Legislative Requirements of Teaching in Your Specialist Area Essay Example for Free

Legislative Requirements of Teaching in Your Specialist Area EssayWorking as a Financial Capability tutor my personalized and work values be led by the ethos for Citizens Advice Bureau, my employer here(predicate) we value diversity, promote equality and ch altogetherenge discrimination our aims and principles set out to some(prenominal) provide the advice concourse need for the problems they face and improve the policies and pr deed of conveyanceices that affect peoples lives. There ar m whatsoever legislative requirements (laws), and codes of practice (directives and professional ethics) that need to be considered in a learning environment. My organisation has its own policies and proceedures that are applicable to the particular environment these underpin the legislation to act according to the law as defined in an Act of Parliament and usually enforceable through the courts. My interpretation of is that forget effect me as a teacher are given here. The Health and Saf ely at Work Act (1974) Everyone has a responsibility for their own precaution at work and also a duty to protect the safety and welfare of others, this effects every single organisation.Even if the learners are adults there are still rules and regulations that essential be adhered to As a teacher I need to be fully aware of these rules and come across that any learners I teach are too. I should always make the class aware of the nighest fire exists and advise of who the fist-aiders are within the building. I must always follow best application and to lead by example. Risk Assessments are also the responsibility of the teacher in order to commit practices that minimise risk and record any high risk activities. I need to analyse any potential risks when instructing activities within the class.It is my responsibility to assess any risk levels prior to commencement of any tasks in order to minimise the risks. If there are any accidents or incidents, I must also take a record of t hese. There are then the legislations that are drawn from the Human Rights Act 2000. hindrance Discrimination Act (1995 and 2005) Equality Act 2010 Teachers must respect these laws defecate been passed to ensure that no one is discriminated against irrespective of any disability (physical or mental) they may have or their gender, age, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation or marital status/domestic circumstances.For the teacher this means ensuring language, handouts and other learning materials are free from slash and that inappropriate comments are challenged within the classroom. The environment and all support structures should enable access and include facilities to dally all learners needs. . I must ensure that any activities I set are suitable for all learners to participate and must not make any learner feel excluded by their disability. as well as when denote courses and delivering learning, a teacher should not stereotype or in any way disadvantage a group of learne rs.I would also be using Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults training when working with my students. Data certificate Act 1998 The DPA requires any organisation that plunk fors excellent data on anyone for over two months to register as data users. As a teacher, I need to be cautious of how I store my learners personal or sensitive information. I should never share someones personal or sensitive information with any other person. Freedom of information act 2000As an amendment to the Data Protection act the freedom of information act makes provision for the disclosure of information held by public authorities or by persons providing services for them. I should be aware of what my students can request to see when I hold information on them. There are also three other pieces that I would consider in my role The Further Education and Training act 2007, for its requirements on the LSC and on further education institutions to have regard to guidance in relation to consultation with learn ers, potential learners and employers.And the codes of practice issued by NIACE regarding Safer Practice and Safer cultivation these help the student to focus on their rights and responsibilities when participating in the lifelong learning sector. They address issues such as harm, abuse and personal safety when taking part in any kind of learning, outlining things that could be wrong, and giving students contact details if they feel that they need to report any wrong doing, without needing access to the teacher. Also the Institute for Learning legislation of Practice for Teachers 2008Code of Professional Practice, which seeks to protect learners and the public interest and will apply to all members of the Institute for Learning . The codes purpose is to promote, value and develop the professionalism of all learning and skills practitioners. The Code outlines the behaviours expected of members for the benefit of learners, employers, the profession and the wider community. The cod e lists seven behaviours for members to uphold Professional Integrity, Respect, Reasonable Care, Professional Practice, poisonous Offence Disclosure, Responsibility during Institute Investigations, Responsibility to the Institute.These will all have an affect on what happens both in and out of my classroom and must be at the forefront of every lesson and lesson plan for a teacher. They will be used in tutor/student contracting and in appeals and complaints policies, and so it is measurable that I keep up to date with these legislations and codes of practice and part of my responsibility is to make sure that they are being adhered to and that I know what procedure to follow if this is not the case.

Project Risk Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Project Risk circumspection Plan EssayFirst of every(prenominal) we identify our project essays, which are let us live on what to expect in the future and how to act during the problem.1) Risks identification We highlighted couple categories of stakes, which are most important to be adjust against them.Procedural and technical failures from failures of internal governing bodys and control errors, organization, fraud, technical failures. Such as non- responding servers, any mistakes in the internal systems, broken servers, late updates, missing information, etc. Human from individuals or organizations, illness, death. For example if the important IT mortal do not work cause the illness, we have to be ready to have any former(a) backup to take process if needed. Operational loss of control of organizational operations. Reputational damage to reputation in the market. Such as customers dissatisfaction of the slow app working.2) Qualitative risk analysis prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. Our project idea related with the internet, servers and so on, so our main priority looking into probability of risks are to ensure a well-functioning app without any errors and failures. As a leave behind we have priority of our risks.1) Procedural and technical failures2) Human3) Operational4) Reputational3) Quantitative risk analysis numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives.1) Procedural and technical failures could bring dissatisfaction of customers. 2) Human lazy working of the app, errors andfailures of the app cause the misunderstanding information of the servers. 3) Operational loss of control of the organization. 4) Reputational- dissatisfaction of the customers, stakeholders, suppliers, employees.4) Risk response provision developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project object ivesTo ensure well-functioning app we have to be ready for any risk and have a plan how to react. To reduce any threats we have to have professional IT specialists, have a great training system, that every employee would endure basics how to react in any situation. The training system could lead to faster activities. Every department should be related with each other to get and know the newest information. overly we have to have backup specialists, which would help, if the other employee cant work cause the illness.Also we can react using different strategies (depending on the risk situation) such as avoid-eliminate the threat entirely, transfer- commove the problem to the third party, mitigate reduce the probability of occurrence or impact of a risk (adopt less complex processes, conduct more tests), or accept the risk before knowing all the details about that problem.5) Risk control implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, identifying new risks. more or le ss employees have to be responsible for tracking identified risks, also identify new risks and be ready to act. Checking for newest information, threats and opportunities it is one of the way, how to control risks.

Vanity Is a Virtue Essay Example for Free

amour propre Is a Virtue EssayOkay, Ill admit that I like what I get wind when I look in the mirror. And even though Im quite nervous talking in front of you, capturing the attention of a account of students, with all your eyes and ears on me, feels very fulfilling. Say it. Its void. And yes, I am profitless. So, as vain as I am, Im going to stand before you today and prove that chest of drawers is not a dreadful thing. conceitedness is a moral excellence. Foremost, let us scrutinize Mr.Websters definition of vanity an excessive pride in ones appearance, qualities, abilities, achievements, etc. the character or quality of being vain. Vanity is far beyond that definition. Vanity, after all is not a sin, its not a no-count thing. Some said that it is associated with pride and that being vain is being trifling and worthless. But, Ill firmly say this to you vanity is more than that, vanity is just the better side of ego-love, ego-confirmation. Vanity is needed just like self-esteem. Without vanity we would never feel good about ourselves. Seeking self satisfaction is after all the key in what living our lives to our fullest expectations are based.Just as self esteem boosts ones thoughts and beliefs, vanity boosts our image and satisfaction of ourselves. We are after all by ourselves in this world. Vanity is providing self-affirmation of what we think we are, making us love ourselves more. It is self-confirmation, it is knowing the difference between what others tell you and what you may or may not be in life, it is gaining more respect for ourselves. Although the word vain has taken on lots of negative connotations, theres nothing fundamentally wrong with it.All of us are vain in our own ways. I am vain because I believe in my capabilities and in my spirit that I will be a CPA Lawyer. I am vain because I am purple that I was fashioned in Gods image and likeness. I am vain because I want you to believe me, to convince you that vanity is a virtue. Vanity like anything in excess is bad as it overtakes and consumes. Vanity should be tempered with realism and sustainability. As long as we stay in control of our vanity and use it to push us to succeed indeed thats a swell thing. allow me make something clear though Im not saying you should be rude, or walk around with an posture or anything. Theres a big difference between being vain and being arrogant. Another great thing about vanity is that it indirectly makes us take care of our wellness. Setting our sights on having a perfect physique is a good example. Being optimistic that we could achieve a good health status is another. And on the emotional and social aspect, if we feel good about ourselves and we devour that sense of self-acceptance, then loving and accepting others will follow.After all, being vain and focusing on health as a motivator is a good thing. And vanity is far better than self- deprecation. So, with all that I overhear mentioned, if your friends start te asing and criticizing you whenever you start holding and posing on the camera, be proud. Whenever you face the mirror and see if youre looking good, its just fine. And whenever vanity strikes, just remember me and all that I have said today. Just keep in mind that, Virtue would not go to such lengths if vanity did not keep her company.

Famine & Poverty and Famines Essay Example for Free

famine Poverty and Famines EssayThe phenomenon of famine has been astray described and analyzed in socio-political literature. The topic has been considered a controversial one in terms of its description and its definitive features. In a recent re pile of the concept of famine, Poverty and Famines,Amartya Sen retains die of classical vision on famine offered by Malthus, distinguishing regular starvation, which is a normal feature in galore(postnominal) split of the world, from violentoutbursts of famine, a divorceicularly virulent form of starvation ca victimisation widespreaddeath (Sen, 38-39). USAID defines famine as a catastrophic victuals crisis that results in widespread acute malnutrition and mass mortality (USAID, 2002). Proper commentary of famine matters not only in terms of labeling an event after the fact, but also in terms of how humanitarian organizations and governments respond to crises as they atomic number 18 happening. Maxwell points out that this is in large part because of the emotional weight the term famine has come to carry (Maxwell, 49).Humanitarian workers spent a coarse amount of clip arguing about whether or not to call the 2002-2003 crisis in Ethiopia, ostensibly touch over 13 million people, a famine. Calling it a famine would have stepped up the external response, but it might also be perceived as crying wolf, which would have a pernicious effect on organizations abilities to obtain resources for emergency responses in the long run. Aid agencies want to avoid using the term famine too often because they worry about compassion fatigue or giver fatigue essentially that donors will be less likely to support emergency efforts if there are too many emergencies.There are also political implications for using the term famine, as dismiss be seen in the case of the 2005 crisis in Niger, which President Mamadou Tandja insisted was a fabrication of relief agencies to obtain more funding (Sengupta, 2005). Aid agencies like wise were reluctant to apply the term famine, and referred instead to pockets of severe malnutrition, in part because they didnt want to alienate Tandja (Sengupta, 2005).The general discussion in literature indicates that number of deaths, scale, intensity and time frame were main considerations for when to call something a famine. There also is a consensus that lack of access to food had to be the main problem, to distinguish a famine from other types of humanitarian crises.For instance, the 1984/85 famine in Ethiopia was unanimously considered a famine. Iraq in the 1990s was not, mainly because the time-frame was too long for a famine and many deaths were the result of a health crisis, not calorie-related (IDS, 3). Ethiopia in 1999/2000 was probably a famine, but Malawi in 2002 represented a famine-threat, rather than a true famine because too few people died (IDS, 3). In the latter(prenominal) case, the mortality was estimated between 500 and 3,000, and estimates were complicate d by the prevalence of HIV/AIDS thus, it was difficult to arrogate deaths specifically to hunger and hunger-related diseases.WORKS CITEDInstitute of Development Studies. Report on Operational Definition of Famine Workshop.Sussex, UK Institute of Development Studies, March 14, 2003Maxwell, D. Why do famines persist? A brief review of Ethiopia 1999-2000. IDS Bulletin,33 (4), 48-54, 2002Sen, A. Poverty and famines An essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford ClarendonPress, 1981Sengupta, K. President Tandja The people of Niger look well fed, as you can see. TheIndependent, elevated 10, 2005United States Agency for International Development. USAID background paper Famine.Washington, DC USAID, 2002. Retrieved July 8, 2009, fromhttp//www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2002/02fs_famine.html

A Brief Introduction about the growth of the USA as a Superpower Essay Example for Free

A shortened Introduction ab bulge out the growth of the ground forces as a Super supply EssayAfter the destruction of World fight-II, deuce whatever(prenominal)ies the the States and the erstwhile USSR fought bitterly for supremacy. The power struggle between these countries witnessed the matter of much nations, which started a cold contend. Ideologically, the the States and the USSR were effectedly different. While the regular army was a capitalist country, the USSR was a communist nation. This ideological difference was one of the prime rea watch terminology for the conflict between these two major powers as the USA ever so fought against communism. Cold War, which started in 1945, ended with the disintegration of USSR.After the collapse of Soviet Union, in that respect was no competitor left to challenge the USA. The power and find out of the USA grew further and it became the unchallenged superpower. on that point was no other country that could match the USA in terms of military, scotch and political strength. As a major donor to the join Nations, it gained the authority in all-important matters. The firstborn display of the power of the USA came in 1990-91 in the Gulf War. Protesting against the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the USA and its allies approached Iraq. The attack got the plaudit of the unite Nations.The US attack was spearheaded by then President George scouring Senior. Ultimately, the fight ended with the complete strike outal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The Gulf War demonstrated the power and influence of the USA in the inter field arena and it opened a new chapter in the orbit history. Bill Clinton succeeded George pubic hair Senior as the President of the USA. under his rule, there were significant developments in the US policies and it played a major fiber in finding a solution to near of the conflicting issues homogeneous Palestine issue and Indo-Pak conflict. George W scrubbing as the President of th e USAAfter Bill Clintons term expired, George W pubic hair, son of the former President George scrubbing Senior, became the President of the USA in 2001. Prior to his Presidency, he served as the governor of the Texas. He was unendingly k at one timen for his conservative and hard-core policies, which earned him a lot of reputation. His election to the highest contribution of the Unites States was certain to lick major changes in the US policy towards to rest of the world. After taking the reigns of a great nation, Bush concentrated on internal issues to build a new starchy and well-disposed nation, which can stand against the odds.See more introduction paragraph exampleNation building was his first priority and he took certain measures on earnest, Education, Health and wel farawaye schemes to provide equal opportunities to all Americans. As a Republican, it was anticipate that George Bush forget follow different yardsticks and will reverse the policies implemented by hi s predecessor Bill Clinton, a Democrat. It was feared that foreign policy of the USA will be changed and round countries world power face the wrath of the USA for not following the principles set by it. But it was never expected that Bush would influence the geo-political patch in the world to such a great extent.9/11, feeler on WTC The fateful morning of September 11, 2001 brought a significant change in the world politics. Two US Airline Planes hijacked by the terrorists hit the WTC dominates in New York City. The explosion rocked not only the USA, but also the whole world. Initially, nobody understood what happened. But within minutes it was shit that terrorists successfully attacked the most powerful nation in the world, making a dent in its strong security system. Thousands of people died as the twin towers were razed to the ground. Another plane hit the Pentagon, which is the defence headquarter of the USA.A fourth plane which was supposed to hit the White House was cras hed near Shanksville. Planes hitting the WTC tower and flames coming out of the building were telecasted all over the world. This incident shook the basic run agroundation of the Unites States of which it always boasted. Surprisingly, there was no trace of President George Bush during such a crisis. The whole world was flavour for him to know his reaction. But he was busy in a school in Florida in a photo-op. At a by and by stage, he was criticised heavily for his failure to react to the tragedy immediately. The attack was the most lethal ever experienced by the USA.Official wipeout toll was almost 3000, which was the highest casualty in the US history. September 11 attack was the most significant in the history of the world. It changed the world in terms of economic, social and military aspects and the one man who took the charge to declare a war against terrorism was President George W Bush. Reeling under criticism for his delayed response to such a tragedy, President Bush ad dressed the nation exactly 12 hours after the attacks were carried out. He declared, Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot skin senses the foundation of America.These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. With this, he declared a war on terrorism and urged the world to join him. Al radix hand in the WTC polish up The investigation do by the US Intelligence Bureau revealed that the terrorists who carried out the attacks were Arab nationals and the militant group Al Qaeda which was headed by Osama lay in Laden trained them. Osama Bin Laden was exiled from Saudi Arabia and was living in Afghanistan, which was ruled by the Taliban Militia. He had developed a good rapport with the Taliban and Pakistans Secret Service, ISI.Ironically, it was the identical Laden who received full upkeep from the USA to fight against the Soviet troops during the Cold War when Afghanistan was occupied by the USSR. The USA provided military and financial support to the groups headed by Bin Laden and Taliban, which indulged in guerrilla fighting. But within a decade, situation became completely different. Laden and the fundamentalists who supported him were angered by the US support to Israel over Palestine issue and economic sanctions impose by the USA against Iraq and Afghanistan.US policies towards Iraq and other Islamic countries do them swear that the USA is the worst rival of the Muslims. Such hatred feelings make them declare a Jihad (Holy War) against the joined States. Analysis of the relationship between the Taliban and Al Qaeda The USA warned the Taliban several times in the past against harbouring the terrorists on its soil. When the Taliban did not heed to its advice, the then Clinton administration imposed tough economic sanction against Afghanistan. After George Bush came to power, he extended the sanctions against Taliban for its continuing support to the terrorist Osama Bin L aden.This angered the Islamic militants further and they made strategies to cause more damage to the joined States. In the words of Robert Baer, Terrorist campaigns arent directed just against the enemy. They are campaigns of recruitment as well, and by demonizing bin Laden, by holding him up as the master-mind of the attacks and as the arch-enemy, we capture assured that the disillusioned, the angry, the desperate young men of the Muslim world will flock to his cause, whether hes dead or alive to lead it. And yes, there are more men handle that than we could ever count. After the September 11 attack, the USA realised that it has to take strong measures to tackle with terrorists who found a safe haven in Afghanistan. It is the USA, which is completely responsible for the growth of Taliban and Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. To weaken the Soviet Union, it always provided financial and military support to these groups. But at the later stage, they emerged as the dangerous enemies of the U SA. The Taliban controlled 90 per cent of Afghanistan and was advancing to control the rest of the areas, which were controlled by its rival groups. The growing influence of the Taliban became a major concern for the US.War against Taliban and Osama Bin Laden The USA asked the Taliban to stop harbouring terrorists, record all the terrorist camps and hand over the dreaded militants including Osama Bin Laden to the US administration. As expected, Taliban refused to yield to the pressure of the United States and vowed to fight back if the USA attacks Afghanistan. On its war against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the USA made some surprise alliances. Russia, against whom the USA used the Taliban, joined the USA on its assault against the same forces. Two former Soviet countries, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan also joined the USA.India, which was bitten by the diplomacy of the Taliban in the Kandahar hijack issue, offered its unconditional support to the United States. It was decided th at while the US and Russia will fight the Taliban from the front with the help of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, India and Iran will play the function of facilitator by offering logistic support to the Northern Alliance of Afghanistan which always fought against the Taliban rule. The US held meetings and consultations with Russian and Indian delegations to provoke a clear-cut strategy on the war against the Taliban.The Northern Alliance led by Ahmed Shah Masood had a strong plate in the Panjsher valley. India supplied high warfare equipments and provided tactical advice to Ahmed Shah Masood in the operation against the Taliban. Finally, the USA started bombarding the terrorist camps and key Taliban installations in Afghanistan. Russia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan joined the USA in the operation. While the USA continued its assault in the Taliban controlled areas, the Northern Alliance made its advance from the frontier. The US attack on Afghanistan has created a new job for the neighb ouring countries Pakistan, Iran and Turkmenistan.Thousands of refugees from Afghanistan act to cross the borders. When these countries closed their borders fearing a heavy refugee exodus, it led to a refugee crisis in South Asia. As the war gets thicker, the power and strength of the Taliban Militia waned. Either they surrendered, got killed or hide in the mountains. Taliban leader Mulla Mohammad Omar and Al Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden went into hiding. The Northern Alliance backed by the US reached Kabul and developd the city. though the Taliban fighters made a retreat into the hills, they continued their guerrilla warfare.To counter their attack, the US troops engaged in the cleansing operation and searched though every village and corners to drag out the Taliban fighters. The battles of Tora Bora and Shah-I-Kot have seen the Taliban forces and Al Qaeda completely routed and running for safer places. Though the Taliban and Al Qaeda were routed, it did not show any seriousness to capture their leaders Mulla Mohammad Omar and Osama Bin Laden. As these leaders were not captured, it gave the USA enough reason to say that it had to catch in Afghanistan to stop the regrouping of Taliban and Al Qaeda forces.The Bush administration was always seen as a war-mongering one. It always tried to display its military and economic strength to the world in order to become a supreme power. It was believed that the 9/11 attacks were just used an excuse to implement its own political agenda and establish its control over all parts of the world. The USA had two rival powers, Russia and China. To resist these countries from advancing further and to keep a close watch on their movements, it needed a strong base in South Asia, from where it will be easy to monitor both the countries at the same time. chance came in the form of 9/11 and Bush lost no time in seizing it. George Bush proved himself as a shrewd diplomat. By attacking the Taliban, he succeeded in keep back the dis sent at home and at the same time he expanded the US military base abroad. By declaring a war on terrorism, he garnered support from the countries like Russia, India and others who were facing the menace of terrorism for a long time. He successfully exploited the public sentiments aftermath of 9/11 to fulfil global economic and military aims of American imperialism. The Bush teachingUnder the leadership of George Bush, the USA changed its military doctrine from a policy of deterrence into a strategy of striking at the countries that exist its interests. This doctrine, called as the Bush Doctrine was formally adopted by the USA in September 2002. The US military and political community always considered adopting the idea of pre-emptive strikes. The Bush Doctrine has made it possible now. It was mentioned clear that the USA would no longer allow any country to question the US military supremacy, as it happened during the Cold War era.The doctrine emphasised that the USA has the re sponsibility to maintain peace in the world by suppressing the rogue countries and terrorists. It also clearly stated that the US would never compromise on its national interests. It is believed beyond doubt that George Bush started implementing the new military doctrine even forrader it was officially adopted. It began forrader 9/11 and the terrorist attacks strengthened his hands to make it official. Bushs Iraq insurance The USA for decades intended to play an bustling role in the Gulf Region. It eyed the huge oil fields in the Iraq, which will advertise its economy.Bush also felt it necessary to build up a permanent base in the Gulf region to tackle the Islamic countries like Iran and Syria and curb the Islamic fundamentalism against the USA. According to some floor revelations, George Bush planned to invade Iraq to ensure a regime change even before take for granted power in January 2001. After being elected as the President of the USA, his first priority was to inflict t he ibn Talal Hussein Hussein regime in Iraq. As a continuation of American policy, George Bush implement economic sanctions against Iraq and also forced the UN to do so.The United Nations imposed stringent economic sanction against Iraq to solve it to the negotiating table and to make the Saddam regime co-operate with the UN Inspectors as a process of disarmament. Gulf War-II The first function Bush did was to win the support of a major power, Britain. Britains Prime Minister, Tony Bl atmosphere offered unconditional support to the USA in its plan for a regime change in Iraq. To settle the unresolved Iraq issue, Bush tried to influence the United Nations to muster full support of all the major countries in the world.To substantiate his state for action against Iraq, he told the world that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction and they should be destroyed completely. The USA tried to make the UN believe that Iraq had deadly chemical substance and biological weapons. The UN Security Council unanimously passed a resolution (1441) to disarm Iraq. Under pressure from the United Nations, Saddam Hussein agreed to allow UN observers to search for weapons of mass destruction and destroy them. With Iraq accepting the UN Security Council resolution, special UN observers arrived in Iraq in November 2002 and began their work.A fortnight later, Iraq provided a 12,000-page declaration of its weapon of mass destruction programme. The declaration maintained that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction. For four months, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and U. N. Monitoring, check and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) searched extensively for the WMDs, but could not come up with any evidence to support the USA claim that Iraq possesses such deadly weapons. But the Bush administration was not ready to believe this. It pointed towards some sources to suggest that Iraq was still continuing its weapons programme secretly.It cited several instances where Iraq h ad reportedly carried out tests on chemical and biological weapons. It is still unclear where the US got such reports. But these reports helped Bush to mislead the world on Iraq. The USA and the UK joined hands to use force against Iraq. To further strengthen their point, they declared that Iraq had links with the terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, which masterminded the 9/11 attack. It was not easy to get UN Security Councils nod to attack a sovereign country arbitrarily. But Saddams stubbornness and unwillingness to agree to the demands of the UN made their job easier.Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had a tough attitude towards the west. He strangled his rivals ruthlessly. Thousands of people were killed during Saddams rule. Mass graves discovered after the war revealed about the atrocities carried out by him and his troops. On 17 March 2003, George Bush demanded that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his two sons Uday and Qusay leave Iraq within the 48-hour deadline. Saddam Hussein was quick to denounce the US deadline. The next day US office spokesperson announced that the US would invade Iraq whether Saddam Hussein leaves or not.After the loss of 48-hour deadline, Bush ordered to launch the attack on the key targets of Iraq. The coalition forces comprising of the USA and the UK invaded Iraq with ground and air strikes. Iraq fought back bravely with Saddam addressing the Iraqi people, Those who are believers will be victorious. In these decisive days, the enemy tried not using missiles and fighter jets as they did before. This time they sent their infantry troops. This time they have come to invade and occupy your land. After three weeks of intense fight, the Saddam regime in capital of Iraq collapsed and Saddam and his key aides disappeared from the city.The coalition forces led by the USA captured Baghdad and Bush announced the freedom for the Iraqi people. After the collapse of Saddam regime, there was anarchy all over Iraq. robbery and theft took plac e in large numbers. It was a tough task for the Bush administration to bring the situation under control. It had to restore peace and normalcy and rebuild the war-ravaged nation which was its own doing. Later Saddams sons Uday and Qusay were killed and Saddam was captured. A democratically elected government was formed in Iraq. But the war against the US forces continued by the fundamentalist groups.After the defeat of Saddam Hussein, the USA and other UN agencies searched every part of Iraq to locate the so-called weapons of mass destructions. But they could not find a single percentage of such weapons. It became clear to the world that the WMDs never existed. When asked why the US went into war in Iraq, Bush tell, He retained the knowledge, the materials, the means and the intent to produce weapons of mass destruction and could have passed this knowledge to our terrorist enemies. Most of the members of the Security Council and the UN Secretary General himself, strongly opposed the US attack on Iraq.For instance, French President Jacques Chirac said that an attack could only be justified if it were decided on by the Security Council, and German prime minister Gerhard Schroder said there would be no support in Germany for a strike without approval of the United Nations. It was believed that the USA violated the International law by attacking Iraq without the approval of UN Security Council. But defying the external mood, George Bush attacked Iraq causing chaos and devastation. He forced the country into a civil war, which is still spillage on.Surprisingly, neither the UN nor the anti-war groups in the world could take any action against the global hegemony of the USA. George Bush successfully manoeuvred the situation and was sworn in for a second term in 2005, proving all his critics wrong. Michael Byers, Associate Professor at Duke University of Law commented on the Bush Doctrine, The policy was aimed at effectively closing down dangerous regimes before they become imminent threats and thus represented a usurpation of the Security Councils role in global affairs. US Mediation in the Middle east Peace Process Middle East was a part of Bushs foreign policy.The conflict between Israel and Palestine was a stumbling belt up for the peace and prosperity in the Middle East region. For years, the USA supported Israel in its crusade against the Palestinians. Initially, Bush showed no interest to facilitate the peace process to find a peaceful settlement to the Israel-Palestine conflict. However, later he realised that the USA had to play a bigger role to stay active in the region. Palestine leader, Yasser Arafat was a stubborn man and he did not intend to make any surrender to Israel. As a result, all the dialogues between the two parties failed without any conclusion.However, the situation took an interesting turn with the death of Yasser Arafat. A new moderate government under the leadership of Mahmoud Abbas assumed power in Palestin e. Bush found it easy to deal with the new incumbent and he prevailed on Israeli Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon to withdraw troops from the controversial Gaza Strip, which was seen as a revolutionary step for the peace in the region. Economic Policy of George Bush Economy was always in Bushs mind to make America stronger and more powerful on the world forum. Two goals have guided Bush administrations economic policy, i. e., increasing economic growth and improving economic stability. The economic impact of 9/11 attacks has made the goals more challenging for George Bush. President Bush emphasised on three factors, i. e. , military, political and economic progress. The US economy was the largest in the world and it always influenced the decisions at the UN and IMF by providing the maximum financial support to these bodies. The vastness of international economic policy increased under Bush Doctrine. It was visible when Bush ordered to resolution all the financial accounts of the terro rist groups in the United States to cut off their main supply line. Impact of the Bush Doctrine on the geo-political scenario of the world Bush Doctrine changed the geo-political situation of the world to a great extent. Bush was always condemned as shrewd, warmonger and an oppressor by the world community. He displayed the might of the USA to the world at the cost of agony and suffering of the innocent people. People of America may have forgiven him by electing him for a second term, but history will never forgive him for his high-handedness and stubbornness, which devastated Afghanistan and Iraq beyond repair. Bushs dictatorial and egoistic approach was seen in his statement after 9/11, Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. If we analyse the chronologies starting from Afghanistan to Iraq, it can be easily concluded that Bush played with the lives of innocent people for his personal gains and to settle t he scores with his rivals. He always tried to show the world that nobody could ignore the United States even if the issue was relate to the internal affairs of any country.He shattered the UN policy of non-interference in the internal matter of any sovereign nation. In the whole process, his action has raised serious questions on the necessity and validity of the United Nations, which became a mere puppet in the hands of the Unites States. His policies towards Afghanistan, Taliban, Iraq and Palestine clearly proved that he had a single point agenda, i. e. , to fulfil his personal ambitions by playing the role of Global Police. The consequences of the attack on Afghanistan and Iraq are visible from the causalities reported from those countries every alternate day.The destruction and chaos in these countries are far from over. One man who is responsible for this human tragedy is George W Bush. History will always have in mind George Bush for his destructive doctrine, which was writt en on the bloods of the innocent people. Bibliography BOOKS Ali, Tariq. Bush In Babylon The Recolonisation of Iraq. New York Verso, 2003. Aronowitz, Stanley and Heather Gautney, Ed. Implicating imperium Globalization Resistance in the 21st Century World Order. New York Basic Books/Perseus Books, 2003. Carroll, James. Crusade Chronicles of an unsporting War. New York Henry Holt Company, 2004.Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival Americas Quest for Global Dominance. New York Henry Holt Company, 2003. Clarke, Richard. Against All Enemies at heart Americas War on Terror. New York Free Press, 2004. Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet incursion to September 10, 2001. New York Penguin Press, 2004. Everest, Larry. Oil, Power Empire Iraq and the U. S. Global Agenda. ME Common Courage Press, 2004. Khalidi, Rashid. Resurrecting Empire Western Footprints and Americas shaky Path in the Middle East.Beacon, 2004. Nojumi, Neamato llah. The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region. New York Palgrave/St. Martins Press, 2001. network SOURCES Keen, Judy. Strain of Iraq war showing on Bush, those who know him say. USA TODAY. 02 April 2003. 01 June 2005 http//www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2003-04-01-bush-cover_x. htm. Shah, Anup. The Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes A Global Pax Americana. Global Issues. 24 April 2004. 01 June 2005 http//www. globalissues. org/Geopolitics/Empire/Bush. asp.